Two-dimensional materials are widely used in a variety of fields, such as medical treatment, industrial preparation, machining, etc. In this review, we have made a detailed description of the development of fiber lasers as well as the evolution of two-dimensional materials, especially graphene. In addition, we describe the optical properties of graphene and its preparations, for instance, chemical exfoliatio, liquid phase exfoliation, electrochemical technique, chemical vapor deposition, supercritical fluid exfoliation, and thermal exfoliation. Meanwhile, we also summarized several types of graphene saturable absorbers like all fiber, D-shaped, and optical deposition. Furthermore, we summarize the optical applications of fiber lasers based on graphene. Finally, we also take a look at the future perspectives of graphene and discuss the future applications of graphene in the field of optics. It is note worth that future fiber lasers will use more heterostructures or gas-solid mixtures to prepare saturable absorbers.

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石墨烯可饱和吸收体在光纤激光器中的应用

二维材料广泛应用于医疗、工业制备、机械加工等多个领域。本文对光纤激光器的发展以及二维的演进进行了详细的描述。材料，尤其是石墨烯。此外，我们描述了石墨烯及其制备物的光学特性，例如化学剥离、液相剥离、电化学技术、化学气相沉积、超临界流体剥离和热剥离。同时，我们还总结了几种类型的石墨烯可饱和吸收体，如全光纤、D 形和光学沉积。此外，我们总结了基于石墨烯的光纤激光器的光学应用。最后，我们也看看石墨烯的未来前景，讨论石墨烯在光学领域的未来应用。值得注意的是，未来的光纤激光器将使用更多的异质结构或气固混合物来制备可饱和吸收体。