Calcareous deposits are one of the most common alterations that archaeological ceramics can exhibit, and they can damage their artistic and historical values. For this reason, it becomes necessary to remove these deposits. However, there is no agreement in the conservation field about the conditions of the cleaning treatments. Moreover, little has been studied about the consequences that archaeological ceramics might suffer. The main purpose of this research is to study the efficacy and safety of several cleaning treatments that are or can be used in archaeological ceramics. To this aim, it was necessary, in first place, elaborating ceramic specimens, simulating archaeological ones, and artificially growing calcareous deposits on their surface. Afterwards, effective and little damaging cleaning treatments based on the immersion of the elaborated ceramics on acid products were developed. Acetic and nitric acid solutions were prepared at the minimum concentration and applied during the minimum time to be effective. Ceramic specimens were elaborated with a commercial red clay simulating archaeological ceramics to avoid trials on real cultural objects. The mineralogical composition of the ceramics was studied by X-ray powder diffraction to establish if changes occurred after the carbonation process and after the cleaning treatments, and thermogravimetric analysis allowed to quantify the calcium carbonate content in every step of the process and to determine the efficacy and safety of such cleaning treatments. According to the results obtained so far, the acid treatments (acetic and nitric acid) were both effective in the removal of the deposits and did not modify the initial mineralogical composition of the ceramic specimens. Besides, no significant differences among them were detected regarding their efficacy.

钙质沉积物是考古陶瓷可以展示的最常见的变化之一，它们会损害其艺术和历史价值。因此，有必要去除这些沉积物。然而，保护领域对清洁处理的条件没有达成一致。此外，关于考古陶瓷可能遭受的后果的研究很少。本研究的主要目的是研究在考古陶瓷中使用或可以使用的几种清洁处理的有效性和安全性。为此，首先需要精心制作陶瓷标本，模拟考古标本，并在其表面人工生长钙质沉积物。然后，开发了基于将精制陶瓷浸入酸性产品中的有效且破坏性小的清洁处理方法。乙酸和硝酸溶液以最低浓度制备，并在最短的时间内施用以达到有效。陶瓷标本是用商业红粘土模拟考古陶瓷制作的，以避免对真正的文物进行试验。通过 X 射线粉末衍射研究陶瓷的矿物组成，以确定在碳化过程和清洁处理后是否发生变化，热重分析允许量化过程中每个步骤的碳酸钙含量并确定功效以及此类清洁处理的安全性。根据目前获得的结果，酸处理（醋酸和硝酸）均能有效去除沉积物，并且不会改变陶瓷样品的初始矿物组成。此外，它们之间的功效没有显着差异。