Having a sense of direction is a fundamental cellular trait that can determine cell shape, division orientation, or function, and ultimately the formation of a functional, multicellular body. Cells acquire and integrate directional information by establishing discrete subcellular domains along an axis with distinct molecular profiles, a process known as cell polarization. Insight into the principles and mechanisms underlying cell polarity has been propelled by decades of extensive research mostly in yeast and animal models. Our understanding of cell polarity establishment in plants, which lack most of the regulatory molecules identified in other eukaryotes, is more limited, but significant progress has been made in recent years. In this review, we explore how plant cells coordinately establish stable polarity axes aligned with the organ axes, highlighting similarities in the molecular logic used to polarize both plant and animal cells. We propose a classification system for plant cell polarity events and nomenclature guidelines. Finally, we provide a deep phylogenetic analysis of polar proteins and discuss the evolution of polarity machineries in plants.

中文翻译：

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极点位置：植物细胞如何沿轴极化

方向感是一种基本的细胞特征，可以决定细胞形状、分裂方向或功能，并最终形成功能性多细胞体。细胞通过沿具有不同分子谱的轴建立离散的亚细胞域来获取和整合方向信息，这一过程称为细胞极化。几十年来主要在酵母和动物模型中的广泛研究推动了对细胞极性的原理和机制的深入了解。我们对植物中细胞极性建立的理解更为有限，因为植物缺乏其他真核生物中发现的大多数调节分子，但近年来取得了重大进展。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了植物细胞如何协调建立与器官轴对齐的稳定极性轴，突出用于极化植物和动物细胞的分子逻辑的相似性。我们提出了植物细胞极性事件和命名指南的分类系统。最后，我们对极性蛋白进行了深入的系统发育分析，并讨论了植物中极性机制的进化。