The inferior electrical contact to two-dimensional (2D) materials is a critical challenge for their application in post-silicon very large-scale integrated circuits. Electrical contacts were generally related to their resistive effect, quantified as contact resistance. With a systematic investigation, this work demonstrates a capacitive metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) field-effect at the electrical contacts to 2D materials: The field-effect depletes or accumulates charge carriers, redistributes the voltage potential, and gives rise to abnormal current saturation and nonlinearity. On one hand, the current saturation hinders the devices’ driving ability, which can be eliminated with carefully engineered contact configurations. On the other hand, by introducing the nonlinearity to monolithic analog artificial neural network circuits, the circuits’ perception ability can be significantly enhanced, as evidenced using a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) critical illness prediction model. This work provides a comprehension of the field-effect at the electrical contacts to 2D materials, which is fundamental to the design, simulation, and fabrication of electronics based on 2D materials.

与二维 (2D) 材料的较差电接触是它们在后硅超大规模集成电路中应用的关键挑战。电接触通常与它们的电阻效应有关，量化为接触电阻。通过系统研究，这项工作展示了与二维材料的电接触处的电容性金属-绝缘体-半导体 (MIS) 场效应：场效应耗尽或积累电荷载流子，重新分配电压电位，并产生异常电流饱和度和非线性。一方面，电流饱和会阻碍器件的驱动能力，这可以通过精心设计的触点配置来消除。另一方面，通过将非线性引入单片模拟人工神经网络电路，正如使用 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 危重疾​​病预测模型所证明的那样，电路的感知能力可以显着增强。这项工作提供了对二维材料电触点处场效应的理解，这对于基于二维材料的电子产品的设计、模拟和制造至关重要。