Most rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) can be placed along a spectrum of disorders, with autoinflammatory diseases (including monogenic systemic autoinflammatory diseases) and autoimmune diseases (such as systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome) representing the two ends of this spectrum. However, although most autoinflammatory diseases are characterized by the activation of innate immunity and inflammasomes and classical autoimmunity typically involves adaptive immune responses, there is some overlap in the features of autoimmunity and autoinflammation in RMDs. Indeed, some ‘mixed-pattern’ diseases such as spondyloarthritis and some forms of rheumatoid arthritis can also be delineated. A better understanding of the pathogenic pathways of autoinflammation and autoimmunity in RMDs, as well as the preferential cytokine patterns observed in these diseases, could help us to design targeted treatment strategies.

大多数风湿性和肌肉骨骼疾病 (RMD) 可以归类为一系列疾病，自身炎症性疾病（包括单基因系统性自身炎症性疾病）和自身免疫性疾病（如系统性红斑狼疮和抗磷脂综合征）代表了这一疾病谱的两端。然而，尽管大多数自​​身炎症性疾病的特征在于先天免疫和炎症小体的激活，并且经典自身免疫通常涉及适应性免疫反应，但 RMD 中自身免疫和自身炎症的特征存在一些重叠。事实上，也可以描述一些“混合型”疾病，例如脊柱关节炎和某些形式的类风湿性关节炎。更好地了解 RMD 中自身炎症和自身免疫的致病途径，