The major contribution of Oliver Williamson, who was a 2009 Nobel Prize co-Laureate in economics, consists of proposing a heuristic analysis of governance structures, namely, the firm, the market, and what he will later call the ‘hybrid forms’. This cardinal issue in organizational economics has made it possible to propose rigorous arbitration tools for the famous ‘make or buy’ decisions in modern market economies based on asset specificity and quasi-rents. However, Williamson's work goes far beyond these contributions alone. His contribution is based on a multidisciplinary theoretical background in building the science of organization. This is the important but sometimes neglected aspect of Williamson's work that I wish to highlight in this paper in memory of Williamson in regard to three major pieces on atmosphere (and informal organization), private ordering, and industrial pluralism. In doing so, I also propose reconsidering the different stages of Williamson's evolving science of organization from recent neo-institutional works.

作为 2009 年诺贝尔经济学奖共同获得者的奥利弗威廉姆森的主要贡献在于提出了对治理结构的启发式分析，即公司、市场以及他后来称之为“混合形式”的东西。组织经济学中的这个关键问题使得为现代市场经济中著名的基于资产专用性和准租金的“制造或购买”决策提出严格的仲裁工具成为可能。然而，威廉姆森的工作远远超出了这些贡献。他的贡献基于建立组织科学的多学科理论背景。这是威廉姆森重要但有时被忽视的方面 为了纪念威廉姆森，我希望在这篇论文中强调关于气氛（和非正式组织）、私人订购和工业多元化的三个主要部分的工作。在这样做的过程中，我还建议从最近的新制度作品中重新考虑威廉姆森不断发展的组织科学的不同阶段。