Abstract

The dynamics of the species richness, breeding density, and structure of the community of birds occupying nest-boxes upon a 50-fold reduction of atmospheric emissions from the Middle Ural Copper Smelter was analyzed based on long-term continuous observations (1989–2020). The total density in the deciduous forest was lower in the heavily polluted zone (impact zone) than in the background zone, while there were no differences in the coniferous forest between the zones. The total breeding density of the community of hole-nesters increased in the impact zone over the 30 years (especially, in the deciduous forest in 2010–2020) after the significant reduction of industrial emissions. The breeding density of the two most abundant species varied in different directions: it increased for pied flycatcher and decreased for common redstart. This led to a change of dominants in the impact zone: redstart dominating until 2012 was replaced by pied flycatcher. The differences in the dynamics of species density are probably determined by the beginning of vegetation recovery near the smelter, which is favorable for pied flycatcher but not for redstart.

中文翻译：

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工业排放减少后的穴居鸟类群落动态（以乌拉尔中部铜冶炼厂为例）

摘要

基于长期连续观测（1989-2020 年），分析了中乌拉尔铜冶炼厂大气排放量减少 50 倍后，占据巢箱的鸟类群落的物种丰富度、繁殖密度和结构动态. 重污染区（影响区）落叶林总密度低于背景区，而针叶林各区间无差异。在工业排放显着减少后的 30 年间，洞巢鸟群落的总繁殖密度在影响区（尤其是 2010-2020 年在落叶林中）有所增加。两个最丰富的物种的繁殖密度在不同的方向上有所不同：花斑鹟的繁殖密度增加，而普通红鹟的繁殖密度减少。这导致了影响区的主导地位发生了变化：直到 2012 年，redstart 的主导地位被花斑捕蝇器取代。物种密度动态的差异可能是由冶炼厂附近植被恢复的开始决定的，这对花斑捕蝇器有利，但对 redstart 不利。