Antibody-secreting cells (ASC) are the effectors of protective humoral immunity and the only cell type that produces antibodies or immunoglobulins in mammals. In addition to their formidable capacity to secrete massive quantities of proteins, ASC are terminally differentiated and have unique features to become long-lived plasma cells (LLPC). Upon antigen encounter, B cells are activated through a complex multistep process to undergo fundamental morphological, subcellular, and molecular transformation to become an efficient protein factory with lifelong potential. The ASC survival potential is determined by factors at the time of induction, capacity to migration from induction to survival sites, and ability to mature in the specialized bone marrow microenvironments. In the past decade, considerable progress has been made in identifying factors regulating ASC longevity. Here, we review the intrinsic drivers, trafficking signals, and extrinsic regulators with particular focus on how they impact the survival potential to become a LLPC.

中文翻译：

---

浆细胞存活：内在驱动因素、迁移信号和外在调节因素

抗体分泌细胞 (ASC) 是保护性体液免疫的效应物，也是哺乳动物中唯一产生抗体或免疫球蛋白的细胞类型。除了分泌大量蛋白质的强大能力外，ASC 还具有终末分化并具有成为长寿浆细胞 (LLPC) 的独特特征。遇到抗原后，B 细胞通过复杂的多步骤过程被激活，以进行基本的形态、亚细胞和分子转化，成为具有终生潜力的高效蛋白质工厂。ASC 存活潜力由诱导时的因素、从诱导迁移到存活部位的能力以及在专门的骨髓微环境中成熟的能力决定。在过去的十年里，在确定调节 ASC 寿命的因素方面取得了相当大的进展。在这里，我们回顾了内在驱动因素、贩运信号和外在监管机构，特别关注它们如何影响成为 LLPC 的生存潜力。