Bacteria from wastewater discharged to the sewerage near three hospitals of Islamabad, Rawalpindi, and Faisalabad were examined for resistance to the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in Pakistan. From the selected sites, a total of 109 isolates from 40 different species were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogeny. The isolates were tested for their resistance to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, amoxicillin, and ampicillin. The results indicated that the isolates were resistant with the highest percentage to ampicillin and the lowest percentage to ciprofloxacin. Among the resistant isolates, 91.7% were found resistant to ampicillin, 83.5% to amoxicillin, 67.0% to ofloxacin, whereas only 27.5% to ciprofloxacin and 21.1% to levofloxacin. Among three sampled locations, the most of resistance was observed in Escherichia and Acinetobacter species. More than 30% isolated microorganisms were found resistant to more than three antibiotics. These findings concluded the presence of predominant microbial population resistant to antibiotics in wastewater channels near hospitals and its surroundings, which requires further investigation regarding their existence and spread in other environmental media having potential community health implications.

排放到伊斯兰堡、拉瓦尔品第和费萨拉巴德这三家医院附近的污水处理系统的废水中的细菌对巴基斯坦最常用的抗生素进行了检测。从选定的地点，基于 16S rRNA 基因序列和系统发育，共鉴定出来自 40 个不同物种的 109 个分离株。测试分离株对环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、氧氟沙星、阿莫西林和氨苄西林的耐药性。结果表明，菌株对氨苄青霉素的耐药率最高，对环丙沙星的耐药率最低。在耐药菌株中，氨苄青霉素耐药率为91.7%，阿莫西林耐药率为83.5%，氧氟沙星耐药率为67.0%，而环丙沙星耐药率为27.5%，左氧氟沙星耐药率为21.1%。在三个采样位置中，阻力最大的是在大肠杆菌和不动杆菌属。发现超过 30% 的分离微生物对三种以上的抗生素具有抗药性。这些发现得出结论，医院及其周围的废水通道中存在对抗生素具有抗性的主要微生物种群，这需要进一步调查它们的存在和在其他具有潜在社区健康影响的环境介质中的传播。