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Interseeding alfalfa into corn silage increases corn N fertilizer demand and increases system yield
Agronomy for Sustainable Development ( IF 7.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-02 , DOI: 10.1007/s13593-021-00711-1
William R. Osterholz 1 , Matthew D. Ruark 2 , Mark J. Renz 2 , John H. Grabber 3
Affiliation  

Interseeding alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) into corn (Zea mays L.) harvested as silage can increase rotation productivity and reduce negative environmental impacts, but the importance of N fertilizer management for successful implementation of the interseeding system remains unexplored. Nitrogen fertilizer enhanced leaf chlorophyll content, corn silage yield, and total N content of corn with interseeded alfalfa and conventional solo-seeded corn at two locations in southern Wisconsin. However, greater N rates (additional 83 kg N ha−1 at one location; could not be estimated at second location) were needed to maximize corn silage yield when alfalfa was interseeded, suggesting that alfalfa effectively competed with corn for N. Maximum corn silage yields were depressed by 7–16% when alfalfa was interseeded, but interseeded alfalfa yields in the subsequent year were 40–160% greater than spring-seeded alfalfa, resulting in greater total forage yield over the 2-year study period. Alfalfa plant density after corn silage harvest was greatest at low N rates, but all N rates resulted in acceptable stands with good yields in the second year of the studies. This is the first demonstration that application of additional N fertilizer can ensure high interseeded corn silage yields without causing major issues with alfalfa establishment. Additionally, split N application where half of the N rate was broadcast at planting and the balance banded along the corn row as a side-dressing did not influence most corn or alfalfa N responses compared to a single broadcast application at planting. Results of this work and previous studies suggest near maximal yields of corn silage can be obtained in this interseeding system if N is applied at 224 kg ha−1, but further refinement of fertilizer and other crop management practices is, however, needed to maximize the forage production and environmental stewardship potential of this system.



中文翻译:

将苜蓿混种到玉米青贮饲料中可增加玉米氮肥需求并提高系统产量

将苜蓿 ( Medicago sativa L.)播种到作为青贮饲料收获的玉米 ( Zea mays L.) 中可以提高轮作生产力并减少对环境的负面影响,但氮肥管理对成功实施间种系统的重要性仍有待探索。在威斯康星州南部的两个地点,氮肥提高了苜蓿间种玉米和常规单种玉米的叶片叶绿素含量、青贮玉米产量和全氮含量。然而,更高的氮率(额外的 83 kg N ha -1在一处;不能在第二个位置估计)需要在苜蓿间种时最大限度地提高玉米青贮产量,这表明苜蓿有效地与玉米竞争氮。当苜蓿间种时,最大玉米青贮产量降低了 7-16%,但间种苜蓿产量在随后的一年中,比春季播种的苜蓿高 40-160%,从而在 2 年的研究期间提高了总草料产量。玉米青贮收获后的紫花苜蓿植株密度在低施氮量下最大,但所有施氮量均在研究的第二年产生了可接受的林分和良好的产量。这是首次证明施用额外的氮肥可以确保高播种玉米青贮产量,而不会对苜蓿建立造成重大问题。此外,与种植时单次施氮相比,分施氮肥,其中一半施氮量在种植时施肥,余量沿玉米行作为侧施,不影响大多数玉米或苜蓿施氮肥的反应。这项工作和以前的研究结果表明,如果施氮 224 kg ha,在这种间种系统中可以获得接近最大的玉米青贮产量-1,但是需要进一步改进肥料和其他作物管理实践,以最大限度地发挥该系统的草料生产和环境管理潜力。

更新日期:2021-08-02
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