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The Impact of Dementia on the Self: Do We Consider Ourselves the Same as Others?
Neuroethics ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-02 , DOI: 10.1007/s12152-021-09472-w
Sophia A. Harris 1 , Amee Baird 1 , Steve Matthews 2 , Jeanette Kennett 3 , Rebecca Gelding 4 , Celia B. Harris 5
Affiliation  

The decline in autobiographical memory function in people with Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) has been argued to cause a loss of self-identity. Prior research suggests that people perceive changes in moral traits and loss of memories with a “social-moral core” as most impactful to the maintenance of identity. However, such research has so far asked people to rate from a third-person perspective, considering the extent to which hypothetical others maintain their identity in the face of various impairments. In the current study, we examined the impact of perspective, comparing first- and third-person perspectives, as well as memory type. This online study asked 201 participants to consider hypothetical scenarios in which either themselves or another person (their parent, partner, or a stranger) experienced different types of memory failures associated with a diagnosis of AD. For each scenario, participants rated the degree to which the depicted individual remained the same person, and how impactful the impairment was. Social semantic memory failures – involving failures to recognise a loved one – were rated as most detrimental to self-continuity, and procedural memory failures the least. Averaged across all memory types, people considered their own and their partner’s self-continuity to be more resilient to memory failures than that of a parent or stranger. However, this pattern was reversed for some memory types: forgetting semantic or episodic information about close relationships was rated as more detrimental from a first-person than third-person perspective. Our findings suggest that perspective and type of memory impairment interact to impact judgements about the extent to which people maintain their identity when they experience dementia, and highlight the importance of social relationships to maintaining a sense of self.



中文翻译:

痴呆症对自我的影响:我们认为自己和他人一样吗?

阿尔茨海默氏症 (AD) 患者的自传体记忆功能下降被认为会导致自我认同的丧失。先前的研究表明,人们认为道德特征的变化和具有“社会道德核心”的记忆丧失对维持身份最有影响。然而,迄今为止,此类研究要求人们从第三人称的角度进行评分,考虑到假设的他人在面对各种障碍时保持其身份的程度。在当前的研究中,我们检查了视角的影响,比较了第一人称和第三人称视角,以及记忆类型。这项在线研究要求 201 名参与者考虑假设情景,其中他们自己或另一个人(他们的父母、伴侣、或陌生人)经历了与 AD 诊断相关的不同类型的记忆障碍。对于每种情况,参与者都会对所描绘的个人保持同一个人的程度以及损害的影响程度进行评分。社会语义记忆失败——包括无法识别所爱的人——被评为对自我连续性最不利的,而程序性记忆失败的影响最小。在所有记忆类型中平均,人们认为他们自己和他们的伴侣的自我连续性比父母或陌生人的记忆失败更有弹性。然而,对于某些记忆类型,这种模式是相反的:从第一人称的角度来看,忘记关于亲密关系的语义或情节信息比第三人称更有害。

更新日期:2021-08-03
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