Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (MWSNs) have emerged as a new evolution trend in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) technology as a result of the growth and popularization of mobile terminal technology. WSNs' feature spectrum is greatly expanded by the mobility of nodes introduced by MWSNs. MWSN is a network with lots of sensors that are initially distributed randomly and collaborate to gather, process, and transmit information around targets to the sink node. MWSN is an overgrowth and emerging technology with significant applications that provide free moving for sensors and adaptable communicating with each other without fixed infrastructure. Because of their small size, they have limited radio capability, storage, and power. Therefore, MWSNs are utilized to improve network lifetime, energy expenditure, and channel capacity than fixed WSNs. Many routing protocols have recently been introduced to perform advances in the field of energy expenditure for MWSN data collection. This paper introduces a survey on hierarchical-based routing protocols for MWSNs. The survey outlines the classification of the routing techniques in the aspect of mobility. The comparisons between Mobile Sensor Node (MSN) protocols, Mobile Sink (MS) protocols, and protocols for mobile of both sink and sensor node together are introduced individually. Moreover, the commercial software programs for MWSNs are discussed. Finally, the challenges and future trends in MWSNs are presented.

中文翻译：

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移动无线传感器网络路由协议综合调查

随着移动终端技术的发展和普及，移动无线传感器网络(MWSNs)已成为无线传感器网络(WSNs)技术发展的新趋势。MWSN 引入的节点移动性极大地扩展了 WSN 的特征谱。MWSN 是一个包含大量传感器的网络，这些传感器最初是随机分布的，它们协同收集、处理目标周围的信息，并将其传输到汇聚节点。MWSN 是一种过度增长的新兴技术，具有重要的应用，可为传感器提供自由移动以及无需固定基础设施的自适应通信。由于体积小，它们的无线电能力、存储和功率有限。因此，与固定 WSN 相比，MWSN 用于改善网络寿命、能量消耗和信道容量。最近引入了许多路由协议，以在 MWSN 数据收集的能源消耗领域取得进展。本文介绍了对 MWSN 的基于层次的路由协议的调查。该调查概述了移动性方面的路由技术分类。移动传感器节点 (MSN) 协议与移动接收器 (MS) 之间的比较)协议，分别介绍了用于汇聚节点和传感器节点的移动协议。此外，还讨论了 MWSN 的商业软件程序。最后，介绍了 MWSN 的挑战和未来趋势。