Future cellular networks will increasingly rely on the millimeter-wave bands to increase capacity. Migrating to ever higher carrier frequencies will require increasingly directional beamforming to establish and maintain the link. Intelligent beam management (BM) protocols will be critical for establishing and maintaining connections between the base station and user equipment in a dynamic channel. This article first provides a brief overview of the BM protocol in Release 15 of 5G New Radio, then identifies six major challenges to BM for later 5G releases that will likely persist into 6G. We describe the trends and issues behind each of the six challenges, and provide recommendations and suggested research directions to address them.

中文翻译：

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5.5G 和 6G 系统中波束管理的六个关键挑战

未来的蜂窝网络将越来越依赖毫米波频段来增加容量。迁移到更高的载波频率将需要越来越多的定向波束成形来建立和维护链路。智能波束管理 (BM) 协议对于在动态信道中建立和维护基站和用户设备之间的连接至关重要。本文首先简要概述了 5G 新无线电第 15 版中的 BM 协议，然后确定了 6G 可能会持续到 6G 的后续 5G 版本中 BM 面临的六大挑战。我们描述了六项挑战中每一项背后的趋势和问题，并提供了解决这些问题的建议和建议的研究方向。