ABTRACT

Soil and weather data were used to analyse spatio-temporal yield patterns of winter cereals (wheat) and spring dicots (sunflower and coriander) in an 11-ha field in Northern Italy (44.5° N, 12.2° E), during 2010–2014. Three yield stability classes (YSCs) were established over multiple years, based on spatio-temporal characteristics across the field: high yielding and stable (HYS), low yielding and stable (LYS), and unstable. The HYS class (46% of field area) staged a 122% relative yield with low temporal variability. The unstable class (24% of field area) was slightly more productive (83% relative yield) than the LYS class (30% of field area, and 80% relative yield), but less consistent over time. Crop yields evidenced negative correlations with sand content; positive correlations with silt and clay content. Soil properties were quite consistently classified among YSCs: the LYS and unstable classes were associated with higher sand content and lower cation exchange capacity, suggesting that these characteristics lead to fluctuation and depression of final yield. Establishing YSCs based on spatio-temporal yield appears a sound approach to appraise field potential. It results in strategic and tactical decisions to be taken, depending on the profile of spatial and temporal productivity in different field areas.

摘要

土壤和天气数据用于分析 2010-2014 年间意大利北部（44.5° N，12.2° E）11 公顷田间冬季谷物（小麦）和春季双子叶植物（向日葵和香菜）的时空产量模式. 根据整个田间的时空特征，多年来建立了三个产量稳定性等级 (YSC)：高产稳定 (HYS)、低产稳定 (LYS) 和不稳定。HYS 类（占田地面积的 46%）的相对产量为 122%，时间变异性较低。不稳定类（24% 的田地面积）比 LYS 类（30% 的田地面积和 80% 的相对产量）的产量（83% 相对产量）略高，但随着时间的推移不太一致。作物产量与含沙量呈负相关；与淤泥和粘土含量呈正相关。YSC 对土壤特性的分类非常一致：LYS 和不稳定类别与较高的含沙量和较低的阳离子交换能力相关，表明这些特征导致最终产量的波动和抑制。基于时空产量建立 YSC 似乎是评估田间潜力的一种合理方法。它会根据不同领域的空间和时间生产力概况做出战略和战术决策。