Whole-genome resequencing (WGRS) of 396 lines, consisting of 104 hybrid parental lines and 292 germplasm lines, were used to study the molecular basis of mid-parent heterosis (MPH) and to identify complementary heterotic patterns in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] hybrids. The lines and hybrids were assessed for yield and yield-related traits in multiple environments. Our analysis showed positive MPH values in 78.6% of hybrids, confirming the potential of hybrid breeding in pigeonpea. By using genome-wide prediction and association mapping approaches, we identified 129 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 52 copy number variations with significant heterotic effects and also established a high-yielding heterotic pattern in pigeonpea. In summary, our study highlights the role of WGRS data in the study and use of heterosis in crops where hybrid breeding is expected to boost selection gain in order to ensure global food security.

中文翻译：

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杂种优势的表征和基于基因组预测的杂种优势模式的建立，以在木豆中开发更好的杂种

396 个品系的全基因组重测序 (WGRS)，包括 104 个杂种亲本系和 292 个种质系，用于研究中亲本杂种优势 (MPH) 的分子基础并确定木豆的互补杂种优势模式 [ Cajanus cajan(L.) Millsp.] 杂种。在多种环境中评估了品系和杂种的产量和产量相关性状。我们的分析显示，78.6% 的杂交种 MPH 值为阳性，证实了木豆杂交育种的潜力。通过使用全基因组预测和关联作图方法，我们确定了具有显着杂种优势的 129 个单核苷酸多态性和 52 个拷贝数变异，并在木豆中建立了高产杂种优势模式。总之，我们的研究强调了 WGRS 数据在研究和利用杂种优势在作物中的作用，在这些作物中，杂交育种有望提高选择增益，以确保全球粮食安全。