Abstract

Environmental labeling is a valuable communication and marketing tool used to enlarge the visibility and disclosure of environmental attributes of products, processes, and services. Therefore, scientists worldwide are investigating the use of environmental labeling and its possible compliance with technical and economic standards. This paper has examined the scientific output on environmental labeling over the past twenty-two years, reviewing the literature in three scientific databases. A total of 1,246 articles indexed out of 580 magazines were retrieved. The USA contributed most publications on environmental labels. European countries, such as Italy and Sweden, discussed labeling in the food industry, transportation, and forest certification. Brazil is leading Latin America in publications, including the food industry and civil construction. Type I ISO labeling has been the most used, followed by a growing number of publications on Type III ISO labels in recent years. The results display a tendency in aquaculture and food applications in Europe and South America, exhibiting a panorama of advancing scientific and practical strength of environmental labeling in such areas. Finally, we recommend simple, step-by-step activities for consumers to obtain additional benefits by choosing more sustainable products based on the information available on environmental labels.

摘要

环境标志是一种有价值的沟通和营销工具，用于扩大产品、流程和服务的环境属性的可见性和披露。因此，世界各地的科学家正在研究环境标签的使用及其是否符合技术和经济标准。本文研究了过去 22 年来关于环境标签的科学成果，回顾了三个科学数据库中的文献。共检索到 580 种杂志中的 1,246 篇文章。美国贡献了大部分关于环境标签的出版物。意大利和瑞典等欧洲国家讨论了食品工业、运输和森林认证中的标签。巴西在包括食品工业和民用建筑在内的出版物方面领先拉丁美洲。I 类 ISO 标签使用最多，其次是近年来越来越多的关于 III 类 ISO 标签的出版物。结果显示了欧洲和南美水产养殖和食品应用的趋势，展示了该地区环境标志的科学和实践实力提升的全景。最后，我们建议消费者进行简单、循序渐进的活动，通过根据环境标签上提供的信息选择更可持续的产品来获得额外的好处。展示了在这些领域推进环境标志科学和实践力量的全景。最后，我们建议消费者进行简单、循序渐进的活动，通过根据环境标签上提供的信息选择更可持续的产品来获得额外的好处。展示了在这些领域推进环境标志科学和实践力量的全景。最后，我们建议消费者进行简单、循序渐进的活动，通过根据环境标签上提供的信息选择更可持续的产品来获得额外的好处。