ABSTRACT

This article assesses the productivity of US urban public transit using data of 45 largest bus agencies and 32 rail agencies from years 2007 through 2017. The study shows that both bus and rail transit agencies have experienced declining cumulative productivity growth during the study period. The Malmquist productivity index was decomposed into technical efficiency change and technological change components and the findings indicate that, for bus transit agencies, outsourcing or purchased transportation is associated with negative efficiency change. Although purchased transportation has a positive effect on technological change for bus transit, the effect is not significant. The results suggest that transit agencies that seek to partner with shared-mobility service providers or to integrate shared-mobility with transit service must address challenges that hinder transit efficiency, and that transit technology has yet to keep up with technological progress in urban mobility.

摘要

本文使用 2007 年至 2017 年间 45 家最大的公交机构和 32 家铁路机构的数据评估了美国城市公共交通的生产力。研究表明，在研究期间，公共汽车和轨道交通机构的累积生产力增长都在下降。Malmquist 生产力指数被分解为技术效率变化和技术变化分量，研究结果表明，对于公交运输机构来说，外包或购买的运输与负面的效率变化有关。尽管购买的交通工具对公交技术变革有积极的影响，但影响并不显着。