The advancement of click-functionalized hydrogels in recent years has coincided with rapid growth in the fields of mechanobiology, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Click chemistries represent a group of reactions that possess high reactivity and specificity, are cytocompatible, and generally proceed under physiologic conditions. Most notably, the high level of tunability afforded by these reactions enables the design of user-controlled and tissue-mimicking hydrogels in which the influence of important physical and biochemical cues on normal and aberrant cellular behaviors can be independently assessed. Several critical tissue properties, including stiffness, viscoelasticity, and biomolecule presentation, are known to regulate cell mechanobiology in the context of development, wound repair, and disease. However, many questions still remain about how the individual and combined effects of these instructive properties regulate the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing physiologic and pathologic processes. In this review, we discuss several click chemistries that have been adopted to design dynamic and instructive hydrogels for mechanobiology investigations. We also chart a path forward for how click hydrogels can help reveal important insights about complex tissue microenvironments.

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用于机械生物学研究的点击功能化水凝胶设计

近年来，点击功能化水凝胶的进步与机械生物学、组织工程和再生医学领域的快速发展相一致。点击化学代表一组具有高反应性和特异性、细胞相容性并且通常在生理条件下进行的反应。最值得注意的是，这些反应提供的高水平可调性使得能够设计用户控制的组织模拟水凝胶，其中可以独立评估重要的物理和生化线索对正常和异常细胞行为的影响。已知一些关键的组织特性，包括硬度、粘弹性和生物分子呈现，在发育、伤口修复和疾病的背景下调节细胞力学生物学。然而，关于这些指导性特性的个体和组合效应如何调节控制生理和病理过程的细胞和分子机制，仍然存在许多问题。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了几种用于设计用于机械生物学研究的动态和指导性水凝胶的点击化学。我们还为点击水凝胶如何帮助揭示有关复杂组织微环境的重要见解指明了前进的道路。