Crop cultivation, crop stages and the seasonal distribution of rainfall erosivity are continuously changing in response to changes in climate and socio-economic conditions. Therefore, the crop and cover factor (C factor) of the (Revised) Universal Soil Loss Equation should also be adjusted continuously. Within the framework of the (R)USLE, C factors can only be calculated for crop rotations. However, for large-scale and regional modeling of soil erosion on arable land and targeted subsidy schemes for the implementation of soil protection measures, C factors are required that quantify the effect of individual crops and management options on the risk of soil erosion. We therefore develop a method for deriving summable C factors that can easily be combined to derive C factors for crop rotations. These summable C factors also account for carry-over effects that influence the risk of soil erosion in subsequent crops. Using the latest data on the temporal distribution of rain erosivity and approximately 3.5 million observations of crop stages, summable C factors were derived for 57 crops and crop management options, including double cropping, which is currently becoming more prevalent in temperate areas. These C factors apply for Germany. However, the regional variation of summable C factors within Germany was small and comparison with Swiss data indicated that our summable C factors will also apply in neighboring countries in Central Europe. Changes in the seasonal distribution of rain erosivity and in crop development due to climate change caused some convergence of the summable C factors for different crops, i.e. the C factors for crops where the risk of soil erosion potential had previously been low increased, while for those crops where the risk of erosion had previously been high the C factors decreased. Of the arable crops, potatoes had by far the highest summable C factor, whereas sod-forming crops had negative summable C factors, leading to low C factors for crop rotations. The sod crops seem to be largely responsible for the low level of soil erosion found on many organic farms and in Switzerland, where sod crops account for a large share of arable land.

作物种植、作物阶段和降雨侵蚀力的季节性分布随着气候和社会经济条件的变化而不断变化。因此，（修订后的）通用土壤流失方程的作物和覆盖因子（C 因子）也应不断调整。在 (R)USLE 的框架内，只能计算作物轮作的 C 因子。然而，对于耕地土壤侵蚀的大规模和区域建模以及实施土壤保护措施的有针对性的补贴计划，需要 C 因子来量化个别作物和管理方案对土壤侵蚀风险的影响。因此，我们开发了一种推导可累加 C 因子的方法，该方法可以轻松组合以推导出作物轮作的 C 因子。这些总和的 C 因子也解释了影响后续作物土壤侵蚀风险的遗留效应。使用关于雨水侵蚀力时间分布的最新数据和大约 350 万次作物阶段观测，推导出了 57 种作物和作物管理选项的总碳因子，包括目前在温带地区越来越普遍的双季作物。这些 C 因素适用于德国。但是，德国境内可汇总 C 因子的区域差异很小，与瑞士数据的比较表明，我们的可汇总 C 因子也适用于中欧邻国。气候变化引起的降雨侵蚀力的季节分布和作物发育的变化导致不同作物的可加总碳因子的一些收敛，即 先前土壤侵蚀风险较低的作物的碳因子增加，而先前土壤侵蚀风险较高的作物的碳因子下降。在可耕作物中，马铃薯的总碳因子最高，而形成草皮的作物的总碳因子为负，导致轮作的碳因子较低。在许多有机农场和瑞士，草皮作物似乎是造成水土流失水平低的主要原因，在那里，草皮作物占耕地的很大一部分。而形成草皮的作物具有负的总碳因子，导致作物轮作的碳因子较低。在许多有机农场和瑞士，草皮作物似乎是造成水土流失水平低的主要原因，在那里，草皮作物占耕地的很大一部分。而形成草皮的作物具有负的总碳因子，导致作物轮作的碳因子较低。在许多有机农场和瑞士，草皮作物似乎是造成水土流失水平低的主要原因，在那里，草皮作物占耕地的很大一部分。