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Epidemiology of anal human papillomavirus infection and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in 29 900 men according to HIV status, sexuality, and age: a collaborative pooled analysis of 64 studies
The Lancet HIV ( IF 16.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-30 , DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(21)00108-9
Feixue Wei, Michael M Gaisa, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Ningshao Xia, Anna R Giuliano, Stephen E Hawes, Lei Gao, Shu-Hsing Cheng, Maria Gabriella Donà, Stephen E Goldstone, Maarten F Schim van der Loeff, Karin Neukam, Elissa Meites, I Mary Poynten, Jianghong Dai, Jean-Damien Combes, Ulrike Wieland, Joaquin Burgos, Gary M Clifford

Background

Robust age-specific estimates of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in men can inform anal cancer prevention efforts. We aimed to evaluate the age-specific prevalence of anal HPV, HSIL, and their combination, in men, stratified by HIV status and sexuality.

Methods

We did a systematic review for studies on anal HPV infection in men and a pooled analysis of individual-level data from eligible studies across four groups: HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM), HIV-negative MSM, HIV-positive men who have sex with women (MSW), and HIV-negative MSW. Studies were required to inform on type-specific HPV infection (at least HPV16), detected by use of a PCR-based test from anal swabs, HIV status, sexuality (MSM, including those who have sex with men only or also with women, or MSW), and age. Authors of eligible studies with a sample size of 200 participants or more were invited to share deidentified individual-level data on the above four variables. Authors of studies including 40 or more HIV-positive MSW or 40 or more men from Africa (irrespective of HIV status and sexuality) were also invited to share these data. Pooled estimates of anal high-risk HPV (HR-HPV, including HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and 68), and HSIL or worse (HSIL+), were compared by use of adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) from generalised linear models.

Findings

The systematic review identified 93 eligible studies, of which 64 contributed data on 29 900 men to the pooled analysis. Among HIV-negative MSW anal HPV16 prevalence was 1·8% (91 of 5190) and HR-HPV prevalence was 6·9% (345 of 5003); among HIV-positive MSW the prevalences were 8·7% (59 of 682) and 26·9% (179 of 666); among HIV-negative MSM they were 13·7% (1455 of 10 617) and 41·2% (3798 of 9215), and among HIV-positive MSM 28·5% (3819 of 13 411) and 74·3% (8765 of 11 803). In HIV-positive MSM, HPV16 prevalence was 5·6% (two of 36) among those age 15–18 years and 28·8% (141 of 490) among those age 23–24 years (ptrend=0·0091); prevalence was 31·7% (1057 of 3337) among those age 25–34 years and 22·8% (451 of 1979) among those age 55 and older (ptrend<0·0001). HPV16 prevalence in HIV-negative MSM was 6·7% (15 of 223) among those age 15–18 and 13·9% (166 of 1192) among those age 23–24 years (ptrend=0·0076); the prevalence plateaued thereafter (ptrend=0·72). Similar age-specific patterns were observed for HR-HPV. No significant differences for HPV16 or HR-HPV were found by age for either HIV-positive or HIV-negative MSW. HSIL+ detection ranged from 7·5% (12 of 160) to 54·5% (61 of 112) in HIV-positive MSM; after adjustment for heterogeneity, HIV was a significant predictor of HSIL+ (aPR 1·54, 95% CI 1·36–1·73), HPV16-positive HSIL+ (1·66, 1·36–2·03), and HSIL+ in HPV16-positive MSM (1·19, 1·04–1·37). Among HPV16-positive MSM, HSIL+ prevalence increased with age.

Interpretation

High anal HPV prevalence among young HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM highlights the benefits of gender-neutral HPV vaccination before sexual activity over catch-up vaccination. HIV-positive MSM are a priority for anal cancer screening research and initiatives targeting HPV16-positive HSIL+.

Funding

International Agency for Research on Cancer.



中文翻译:

29 900 名男性的肛门人乳头瘤病毒感染和高级别鳞状上皮内病变的流行病学(根据 HIV 状态、性取向和年龄):对 64 项研究的协作汇总分析

背景

对男性肛门人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 和高级别鳞状上皮内病变 (HSIL) 进行可靠的年龄特异性估计可以为肛门癌预防工作提供信息。我们旨在评估男性肛门 HPV、HSIL 及其组合的年龄特异性患病率,按 HIV 状态和性行为分层。

方法

我们对男性肛门 HPV 感染的研究进行了系统评价,并对来自四组符合条件的研究的个人水平数据进行了汇总分析:男男性接触者 (MSM) 的 HIV 阳性男性 (MSM)、HIV 阴性 MSM、HIV 阳性与女性发生性关系的男性 (MSW) 和 HIV 阴性 MSW。需要进行研究以告知特定类型的 HPV 感染(至少 HPV16),通过使用基于 PCR 的肛门拭子检测、艾滋病毒状况、性行为(MSM,包括仅与男性发生性关系或与女性发生性关系的人,或 MSW)和年龄。样本量为 200 名或更多的合格研究的作者被邀请分享上述四个变量的去识别的个人层面数据。研究的作者包括 40 名或更多 HIV 阳性 MSW 或 40 名或更多来自非洲的男性(无论 HIV 状况和性取向如何)也被邀请分享这些数据。肛门高危 HPV(HR-HPV,包括 HPV16、18、31、33、35、39、45、51、52、56、58、59 和 68)和 HSIL 或更差(HSIL+)的汇总估计值,通过使用来自广义线性模型的调整患病率 (aPR) 进行比较。

发现

系统评价确定了 93 项符合条件的研究,其中 64 项为汇总分析提供了 29 900 名男性的数据。HIV 阴性 MSW 肛门 HPV16 患病率为 1·8%(5190 人中有 91 人),HR-HPV 患病率为 6·9%(5003 人中有 345 人);在 HIV 阳性 MSW 中,患病率分别为 8·7%(682 人中的 59 人)和 26·9%(666 人中的 179 人);在 HIV 阴性 MSM 中,他们分别为 13·7%(10 617 名中的 1455 名)和 41·2%(9215 名中的 3798 名),在 HIV 阳性 MSM 中分别为 28·5%(13 411 名中的 3819 名)和 74·3%( 8765 的 11 803)。在 HIV 阳性 MSM 中,15-18 岁人群中 HPV16 的流行率为 5·6%(36 人中有 2 人),23-24 岁人群中 HPV16 流行率为 28·8%(490 人中的 141 人)(p趋势=0·0091) ; 25-34 岁人群的患病率为 31·7%(3337 人中的 1057 人),55 岁及以上人群的患病率为 22·8%(1979 年的 451 人)(p趋势<0·0001)。HIV 阴性 MSM 中 HPV16 的患病率在 15-18 岁人群中为 6·7%(223 人中的 15 人),在 23-24 岁人群中为 13·9%(1192 人中的 166 人)(p趋势=0·0076);此后患病率趋于稳定(p趋势=0·72)。对于 HR-HPV,观察到类似的年龄特异性模式。对于 HIV 阳性或 HIV 阴性 MSW,HPV16 或 HR-HPV 的年龄没有显着差异。在 HIV 阳性 MSM 中,HSIL+ 检测范围从 7·5%(160 人中的 12 人)到 54·5%(112 人中的 61 人);在调整异质性后,HIV 是 HSIL+(aPR 1·54,95% CI 1·36–1·73)、HPV16 阳性 HSIL+(1·66、1·36–2·03)和 HSIL+ 的显着预测因子在 HPV16 阳性 MSM (1·19, 1·04–1·37)。在 HPV16 阳性 MSM 中,HSIL+ 患病率随着年龄的增长而增加。

解释

年轻 HIV 阳性和 HIV 阴性 MSM 中的高肛门 HPV 流行率突出了在性活动之前接种性别中性 HPV 疫苗而不是补种疫苗的好处。HIV 阳性 MSM 是针对 HPV16 阳性 HSIL+ 的肛门癌筛查研究和倡议的优先事项。

资金

国际癌症研究机构。

更新日期:2021-09-01
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