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Defending Civic Space: Successful Resistance Against NGO Laws in Kenya and Kyrgyzstan
Global Policy ( IF 2.375 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-31 , DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.12976
Nora Berger‐Kern 1 , Fabian Hetz 1 , Rebecca Wagner 1 , Jonas Wolff 1
Affiliation  

Since the turn of the century, an increasing number of governments around the world has introduced or tightened restrictions on civil society organizations (CSOs). Attempts by local CSOs and external actors to counter this trend of shrinking civic spaces have been mostly unsuccessful. In a few notable cases, however, civic space restrictions have been reversed or even prevented from being adopted in the first place. Focusing on resistance to so-called NGO laws, this paper explores the strategies, causal mechanisms and scope conditions that help explain the successful defense of civic space. In a first step, the paper develops a theoretical framework by drawing on research on the diffusion and promotion of international norms, civic resistance and social movements. Second, it looks at two cases – Kenya (2013) and Kyrgyzstan (2013–2016) – in which governmental attempts to impose legal restrictions on foreign-funded NGOs were effectively aborted. The analysis finds that successful resistance in both cases was based on domestic campaigns organized by broad alliances of local CSOs, which were able to draw on preexisting mobilizing structures and put forward a socioeconomic narrative to lobby against civic space restrictions. In Kyrgyzstan, but not in Kenya, external actors also played a significant role.

中文翻译:

捍卫公​​民空间:肯尼亚和吉尔吉斯斯坦成功抵制非政府组织法律

自世纪之交以来,世界各地越来越多的政府引入或加强了对民间社会组织 (CSO) 的限制。当地公民社会组织和外部行动者为应对这种城市空间缩小趋势的尝试大多不成功。然而,在一些值得注意的案例中,公民空间限制已经被逆转,甚至一开始就被阻止采用。本文着眼于对所谓的非政府组织法律的抵制,探讨了有助于解释成功捍卫公民空间的策略、因果机制和范围条件。第一步,本文利用对国际规范、公民抵抗和社会运动的传播和促进的研究,建立了一个理论框架。第二,它着眼于两个案例——肯尼亚(2013 年)和吉尔吉斯斯坦(2013-2016 年)——在这两个案例中,政府试图对外资非政府组织施加法律限制的尝试被有效地流产。分析发现,在这两个案例中,成功的抵抗都是基于由地方公民社会组织广泛联盟组织的国内运动,这些运动能够利用预先存在的动员结构并提出社会经济叙事来游说反对公民空间限制。在吉尔吉斯斯坦,但不是在肯尼亚,外部参与者也发挥了重要作用。他们能够利用先前存在的动员结构并提出社会经济叙事来游说反对公民空间限制。在吉尔吉斯斯坦,但不是在肯尼亚,外部参与者也发挥了重要作用。他们能够利用先前存在的动员结构并提出社会经济叙事来游说反对公民空间限制。在吉尔吉斯斯坦,但不是在肯尼亚,外部参与者也发挥了重要作用。
更新日期:2021-08-01
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