Background

This pilot study aimed to test the feasibility of providing varenicline in combination with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and motivational interviewing (MI) to adult male smokers attending a clinic in a hostel for homeless people.

Methods

A single group pre- and post-treatment (12 weeks following intervention commencement) design with embedded process evaluation (at weekly counselling and fortnightly safety check-ins). Participants were 20 male smokers attending a health clinic within a homelessness service in Sydney, Australia, between December 2019 and March 2020. Participants set a target quit date 7-days post intervention commencement. Adverse events, self-reported abstinence, cigarettes per day, treatment adherence and acceptability of the study interventions were assessed 12 weeks post intervention commencement. Abstinence was biochemically verified. Results are complete cases.

Results

Retention was 65% at 12-weeks post-intervention commencement (n = 13). No related adverse events were reported. Three participants (15%) reported continuous abstinence. Two participants self-reported 30-day point prevalence abstinence (10%), confirmed by CO level. Participants who did not quit smoking (n = 10), reported a significant reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked per day (19.4 vs 4.7, p < .01). Cravings, withdrawal symptoms, and psychological distress significantly decreased from baseline to 12-week follow-up (all < 0.01). Adherence to the pharmacological interventions was good, most used combination NRT and varenicline. Adherence to the counselling sessions was low, attending three of 12 sessions. Both NRT and MI were rated as highly acceptable. Some participants expressed concerns about the safety of varenicline.

Conclusions

The intervention was feasible and acceptable and associated with short-term smoking cessation and significant reductions in the number of cigarettes smoked-per-day.

中文翻译：

---

通过强化吸烟治疗解决无家可归者的吸烟问题（ASSIST 项目）：伐尼克兰、联合尼古丁替代疗法和动机访谈的试点可行性研究

背景

该试点研究旨在测试向在无家可归者宿舍诊所就诊的成年男性吸烟者提供伐尼克兰联合尼古丁替代疗法 (NRT) 和动机访谈 (MI) 的可行性。

方法

单组治疗前和治疗后（干预开始后 12 周）设计，带有嵌入式过程评估（每周咨询和每两周安全检查）。参与者是 20 名男性吸烟者，他们在 2019 年 12 月至 2020 年 3 月期间在澳大利亚悉尼的一家无家可归者服务中心就诊。参与者设定了干预开始后 7 天的目标戒烟日期。在干预开始后 12 周评估不良事件、自我报告的戒烟、每天吸烟量、治疗依从性和研究干预的可接受性。禁欲通过生化验证。结果是完整的案例。

结果

干预开始后 12 周的保留率为 65%（n = 13）。没有报告相关的不良事件。三名参与者 (15%) 报告持续禁欲。两名参与者自我报告了 30 天的戒烟流行率 (10%)，由 CO 水平证实。未戒烟的参与者（n = 10）报告每天吸烟的数量显着减少（19.4 vs 4.7，p < .01）。从基线到 12 周随访，渴望、戒断症状和心理困扰显着降低（均 < 0.01）。对药物干预的依从性很好，最常使用 NRT 和伐尼克兰的组合。对咨询课程的依从性很低，参加了 12 次课程中的 3 次。NRT 和 MI 都被评为高度可接受。一些参与者对伐尼克兰的安全性表示担忧。

结论

该干预是可行和可接受的，并且与短期戒烟和显着减少每天吸烟的数量有关。