Abstract

This article explores the international measures that can resolve ecological problems in a highly securitised zone, taking North Korea (DPRK) as an example. The main question posed is how effective the available international policy measures for ecological risk mitigation are in a highly securitised country. Irreversible ecological conditions and aggravating humanitarian crises co-influence each other and threaten society as a whole. The main purpose of the article is to suggest ways of mainstreaming the environmental aspect of security in international actions that engage with problematised countries like North Korea. A cross-cutting analysis is provided on the possible approaches – including environmental aid, extended or integral humanitarian exemption, and proactive ecological intervention – for the international community to be engaged in the field of environmental security under three different circumstances: peace, security alert and conflict. The current international measures employed in North Korea demonstrate that available tools are either overused or underused, thereby failing to address the interconnectivity of the triple perils for the economy, human welfare and ecosystem, and further aggravating political tensions.

摘要

本文以朝鲜（DPRK）为例，探讨了可以解决高度安全化地区生态问题的国际措施。提出的主要问题是，在一个高度安全化的国家，现有的缓解生态风险的国际政策措施的有效性如何。不可逆转的生态条件和不断加剧的人道主义危机相互影响，威胁着整个社会。这篇文章的主要目的是提出将安全的环境方面纳入与朝鲜等问题国家的国际行动主流的方法。对可能的方法进行了跨领域分析——包括环境援助、扩展或整体人道主义豁免、和积极的生态干预——国际社会在三种不同情况下参与环境安全领域：和平、安全警戒和冲突。目前在朝鲜采用的国际措施表明，可用工具要么被过度使用，要么未被充分利用，从而未能解决经济、人类福祉和生态系统三重危险之间的相互联系，并进一步加剧政治紧张局势。