Intracellular signaling with cyclic nucleotides are ubiquitous signaling pathways, yet the dynamics of these signals profoundly differ in different cell types. Biosensor imaging experiments, by providing direct measurements in intact cellular environment, reveal which receptors are activated by neuromodulators and how the coincidence of different neuromodulators is integrated at various levels in the signaling cascade. Phosphodiesterases appear as one important determinant of cross-talk between different signaling pathways. Finally, analysis of signal dynamics reveal that striatal medium-sized spiny neuron obey a different logic than other brain regions such as cortex, probably in relation with the function of this brain region which efficiently detects transient dopamine.

带有环核苷酸的细胞内信号传导是普遍存在的信号通路，但这些信号的动力学在不同细胞类型中存在很大差异。生物传感器成像实验通过在完整的细胞环境中提供直接测量，揭示了哪些受体被神经调节剂激活，以及不同神经调节剂的巧合如何在信号级联的不同水平上整合。磷酸二酯酶似乎是不同信号通路之间串扰的一个重要决定因素。最后，对信号动力学的分析表明，纹状体中等大小的多刺神经元遵循与皮层等其他大脑区域不同的逻辑，这可能与该大脑区域有效检测瞬态多巴胺的功能有关。