A questionnaire to survey the common petrological monitoring procedures adopted by volcano monitoring institutions has been developed, aimed at identifying prevailing techniques and rating their suitability in terms of costs versus benefits. The collected information resulted from a sample of eighteen participating institutions, which include countries with some of the most important active volcanic provinces worldwide. The participating institutions also offer insights into volcanoes with a variety of volcanic activity, providing a comprehensive picture of the state of art of petrological monitoring. The final purposes are (i) to promote the advancement that petrologic monitoring brings in the comprehension of the eruptive processes, providing the only “signals” (i.e., rock samples) concerning the physico-chemical properties of the magma feeding the eruption; (ii) to design best practices, and (iii) to define the minimum requirements needed to perform an efficient petrological monitoring during ongoing eruptions. The survey also highlighted the main problems to overcome to have a profitable petrological monitoring infrastructure, including (i) the time required to accomplish both field survey and laboratory works (sampling, sample preparation, and analyses), (ii) the lack of onsite analytical facilities, (iii) the shortage of qualified staff.

Starting from the state of the art of petrological monitoring, how it is performed by the different institutions worldwide, and what participants considered as the major problems, we identified the Best Practices in Petrological Monitoring as the best compromise between fast and easy analyses and the relevance of the acquired results.

已经开发了一份调查火山监测机构采用的常见岩石学监测程序的问卷，旨在确定流行的技术并根据成本与收益对它们的适用性进行评级。收集到的信息来自 18 个参与机构的样本，其中包括拥有世界上一些最重要的活火山省份的国家。参与机构还提供对具有各种火山活动的火山的见解，提供对岩石学监测技术状态的全面了解。最终目的是 (i) 促进岩石学监测在了解喷发过程方面的进步，提供唯一的“信号”（即，岩石样本）关于供给喷发的岩浆的物理化学特性；(ii) 设计最佳实践，以及 (iii) 确定在持续喷发期间执行有效岩石学监测所需的最低要求。调查还强调了建立有利可图的岩石学监测基础设施需要克服的主要问题，包括 (i) 完成现场调查和实验室工作（取样、样品制备和分析）所需的时间，(ii) 缺乏现场分析设施，(iii) 合格人员短缺。

从最先进的岩石监测技术、世界各地不同机构的执行情况以及参与者认为的主要问题开始，我们将岩石监测最佳实践确定为快速简便分析与相关性之间的最佳折衷获得的结果。