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The nature and timing of landscape change at Cerro Benítez, Última Esperanza, southern Patagonia (52°S): New insights into the history of megafaunal extinctions and human occupation
Quaternary International ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2021.07.018
Robert D. McCulloch 1, 2 , Claudia A. Mansilla 3 , Fabiana Martin 4 , Luis Borrero 5 , Richard A. Staff 6 , Eileen W. Tisdall 7
Affiliation  

A new Late glacial – Holocene palaeoenvironmental record from Cerro Benítez (51°33′S 72°35′W), Seno Última Esperanza, is presented. A pollen and spore record, from a closed basin mire, provides insight into the dramatic landscape changes spanning the past ∼16,000 years. AMS radiocarbon dating, supplemented by the application of tephrochronology, provides robust age constraint. Our record of landscape change is set alongside a summary of the archaeofaunal records from the suite of caves and rock shelters that surround Cerro Benítez. Our record begins c. 16.3 ka, sometime after glacier retreat from the area, and describes a treeless landscape favoured by large grazing animals. At c. 14.9 ka, southern beech trees began to migrate into the area, but the landscape remained open with sufficient open ground for grazers. At c. 12.0 ka there was a dramatic expansion of woodland, but the decline of large mammals appears to have started some ∼700 years earlier and is coincident with the arrival of hunter-gatherers in the area c. 12.7 ka. However, there is no archaeological evidence for human induced mass killing events, and it is likely that Cerro Benítez was a marginal resource area for early hunters that fell in and out of favour as the landscape changed during the Holocene; initially, less favourable during the early Holocene dry period (c. 11.0–8.0 ka) and more in favour during the mid-to late Holocene, although increasingly supplemented by more distant (∼5–10 km) materials, including marine resources from the Golfo Almirante Montt.



中文翻译:

Cerro Benítez, Última Esperanza, 巴塔哥尼亚南部 (52°S) 景观变化的性质和时间:对巨型动物灭绝和人类占领历史的新见解

介绍了来自塞罗贝尼特斯 (51°33′S 72°35′W), Seno Última Esperanza 的晚冰期 - 全新世古环境记录。来自封闭盆地泥潭的花粉和孢子记录提供了对过去 16,000 年间戏剧性景观变化的洞察。AMS 放射性碳测年,辅以地质年代学的应用,提供了强大的年龄约束。我们的景观变化记录与 Cerro Benítez 周围的一系列洞穴和岩石庇护所的古动物记录摘要一起设定。我们的记录开始于c。16.3 ka,在冰川从该地区撤退后的某个时间,描述了大型食草动物青睐的无树景观。在c. 14.9 ka,南部山毛榉树开始迁移到该地区,但景观仍然开阔,有足够的空地供食草动物使用。在c。12.0 ka 林地急剧扩张,但大型哺乳动物的衰退似乎在大约 700 年前就开始了,并且恰逢c地区狩猎采集者的到来。12.7 卡。然而,没有考古证据表明人类引发的大规模屠杀事件,而且塞罗贝尼特斯山很可能是早期猎人的边缘资源区,随着全新世景观的变化而逐渐失宠;最初,在全新世早期干旱时期不太有利(c. 11.0-8.0 ka) 并且在全新世中晚期更受青睐,尽管越来越多地补充了更远距离(~5-10 公里)的物质,包括来自 Golfo Almirante Montt 的海洋资源。

更新日期:2021-08-01
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