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San1 deficiency leads to cardiomyopathy due to excessive R-loop-associated DNA damage and cardiomyocyte hypoplasia
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease ( IF 6.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-31 , DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166237
Zhiheng Liu 1 , Xu Gao 1 , Zhou Zhou 1 , Sung Wook Kang 2 , Yong Yang 1 , Hao Liu 1 , Chunqin Zhang 3 , Zheng Wen 1 , Xiaoquan Rao 1 , Daowen Wang 1 , Donnell White 2 , Qinglin Yang 2 , Qinqiang Long 4
Affiliation  

R-loops are naturally occurring transcriptional intermediates containing RNA/DNA hybrids. Excessive R-loops cause genomic instability, DNA damage, and replication stress. Senataxin-associated exonuclease (San1) is a protein that interacts with Senataxin (SETX), a helicase resolving R-loops. It remains unknown if R-loops-induced DNA damage plays a role in the heart, especially in the proliferative neonatal cardiomyocytes (CMs). San1−/− mice were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. The newborn San1−/− mice show no overt phenotype, but their hearts were smaller with larger, yet fewer CMs. CM proliferation was impaired with reduced cell cycle-related transcripts and proteins. S9.6 staining revealed that excessive R-loops accumulated in the nucleus of neonatal San1−/− CMs. Increased γH2AX staining on newborn and adult heart sections exhibited increased DNA damage. Similarly, San1−/− AC16-cardiomyocytes showed cumulative R-loops and DNA damage, leading to the activation of cell cycle checkpoint kinase ATR and PARP1 hyperactivity, arresting G2/M cell-cycle and CM proliferation. Together, the present study uncovers an essential role of San1 in resolving excessive R-loops that lead to DNA damage and repressing CM proliferation, providing new insights into a novel biological function of San1 in the neonatal heart. San1 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of hypoplastic cardiac disorders.



中文翻译:

由于过度的 R 环相关的 DNA 损伤和心肌细胞发育不全,San1 缺乏导致心肌病

R 环是天然存在的转录中间体,包含 RNA/DNA 杂合体。过多的 R 环会导致基因组不稳定、DNA 损伤和复制压力。Senataxin 相关外切核酸酶 (San1) 是一种与 Senataxin (SETX) 相互作用的蛋白质,SETX 是一种解旋酶,可解析 R 环。目前尚不清楚 R 环诱导的 DNA 损伤是否在心脏中起作用,尤其是在增殖的新生儿心肌细胞 (CM) 中。San1-/- 小鼠是使用 CRISPR/Cas9 技术生成的。新生的 San1-/- 小鼠没有表现出明显的表型,但它们的心脏较小,具有较大但较少的 CM。CM 增殖受到细胞周期相关转录物和蛋白质减少的影响。S9.6 染色显示在新生儿 San1-/- CM 的细胞核中积累了过多的 R 环。新生儿和成人心脏切片上 γH2AX 染色增加显示 DNA 损伤增加。类似地,San1-/- AC16 心肌细胞显示出累积的 R 环和 DNA 损伤,导致细胞周期检查点激酶 ATR 和 PARP1 过度活跃的激活,阻止 G2/M 细胞周期和 CM 增殖。总之,本研究揭示了 San1 在解决导致 DNA 损伤和抑制 CM 增殖的过多 R 环中的重要作用,为 San1 在新生儿心脏中的新生物学功能提供了新的见解。San1 可作为治疗发育不全的心脏疾病的新治疗靶点。阻滞 G2/M 细胞周期和 CM 增殖。总之,本研究揭示了 San1 在解决导致 DNA 损伤和抑制 CM 增殖的过多 R 环中的重要作用,为 San1 在新生儿心脏中的新生物学功能提供了新的见解。San1 可作为治疗发育不全的心脏疾病的新治疗靶点。阻滞 G2/M 细胞周期和 CM 增殖。总之,本研究揭示了 San1 在解决导致 DNA 损伤和抑制 CM 增殖的过多 R 环中的重要作用,为 San1 在新生儿心脏中的新生物学功能提供了新的见解。San1 可作为治疗发育不全的心脏疾病的新治疗靶点。

更新日期:2021-08-05
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