The menopause transition is associated with an increased risk of depression. While the mechanisms behind this increased risk are not well understood, the changing perimenopausal hormonal environment has been hypothesized to play a role. The current study examined the potential influence of testosterone and the ratio of testosterone to estradiol as a potential contributor to depressed mood in the menopause transition. Fifty non-depressed perimenopausal women ages 45–55 were recruited for this study. Once every 3 weeks, for a total of four times, the women completed the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale for the measurement of depressive symptoms and provided a first-morning urine sample for the measurement of urinary testosterone as well as estrone-3-glucuronide (E1G), a urinary metabolite of estradiol. The week-to-week and mean effects of testosterone, E1G, and the testosterone/E1G ratio on CES-D score were examined. Self-reported sleep quality and vasomotor symptoms were also assessed at each of the four time points. Testosterone levels rose with increasing months since last menstrual period associated with testosterone levels (β(SE) = 175.3(63.2), p = .006), though this effect was moderated by body mass index (p for the interaction = .001) such that overweight women showed a less pronounced increase over time. Past and current smokers also had higher testosterone levels compared to never smokers. Week-to-week testosterone/E1G ratio was positively associated with CES-D score (β(SE) = 1.57(0.76), p = .041) but not sleep quality or vasomotor symptoms (ps > .05). Mean testosterone/E1G ratio was also positively associated with vasomotor symptom bother (β(SE) = 0.14(0.06), p = .018) and poorer sleep quality (β(SE) = − 0.34(0.09), p = .0001). These results suggest that, within the context of the menopause transition, times that are characterized by a higher testosterone-to-estradiol ratio may be associated with higher depressive symptoms. Perimenopausal women with a higher average ratio of testosterone relative to estradiol may also experience more sleep difficulties and vasomotor symptom bother.

中文翻译：

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绝经后期过渡期间的睾酮和抑郁症状

更年期过渡与抑郁症风险增加有关。虽然这种风险增加背后的机制尚不清楚，但人们假设不断变化的围绝经期激素环境发挥了作用。目前的研究检查了睾酮的潜在影响以及睾酮与雌二醇的比例作为更年期过渡期间抑郁情绪的潜在因素。本研究招募了 50 名 45-55 岁的非抑郁围绝经期妇女。每 3 周一次，共 4 次，女性完成流行病学研究中心 - 抑郁症 (CES-D) 量表，用于测量抑郁症状，并提供晨尿样本用于测量尿睾酮作为 estrone-3-glucuronide (E1G)，一种雌二醇的尿代谢物。检查了睾酮、E1G 和睾酮/E1G 比率对 CES-D 评分的每周和平均影响。自我报告的睡眠质量和血管舒缩症状也在四个时间点进行了评估。自上次月经期以来，睾酮水平随着与睾酮水平相关的月数增加而上升（β（SE）= 175.3（63.2），p = .006），尽管这种影响受到体重指数（相互作用的 p = .001）的缓和，例如超重的女性随着时间的推移表现出不那么明显的增加。与从不吸烟者相比，过去和现在吸烟者的睾酮水平也更高。每周睾酮/E1G 比率与 CES-D 评分呈正相关 (β(SE) = 1.57(0.76), p = .041)，但与睡眠质量或血管舒缩症状无关 (ps > .05)。平均睾酮/E1G 比率也与血管舒缩症状困扰 (β(SE) = 0.14(0.06), p = .018) 和较差的睡眠质量 (β(SE) = - 0.34(0.09), p = .0001) 呈正相关. 这些结果表明，在更年期过渡的背景下，以较高睾酮与雌二醇比率为特征的时间可能与较高的抑郁症状有关。睾酮相对于雌二醇的平均比率较高的围绝经期女性也可能会遇到更多的睡眠困难和血管舒缩症状。