This paper seeks to compare income distributions from the opportunity advantage viewpoint. That is a measure of how likely it is for a representative individual of one society to receive a higher income than a representative individual of another. Opportunity advantage tries to measure the income opportunities a society offers to an individual, relative to other societies, evaluated from the “veil of ignorance” viewpoint. We show that this notion can be precisely formalised and results in a complete and cardinal income distribution evaluation. We also present an empirical illustration of the gender differences in wage distributions in Spain after the financial crisis. The results show that this criterion offers new insights into the evaluation of differences in opportunity.

本文试图从机会优势的角度来比较收入分配。这是衡量一个社会的代表性个人比另一个社会的代表性个人获得更高收入的可能性的衡量标准。机会优势试图衡量一个社会相对于其他社会为个人提供的收入机会，从“无知之幕”的角度进行评估。我们表明，这个概念可以被精确地形式化，并导致一个完整和基本的收入分配评估。我们还对金融危机后西班牙工资分配的性别差异进行了实证说明。结果表明，该标准为评估机会差异提供了新的见解。