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The Electoral Politics of the English Jacobins and Its Legacy, 1796–1807
Journal of British Studies ( IF 0.764 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-30 , DOI: 10.1017/jbr.2021.66
Tom Scriven

Historians of radicalism have long held that following the repression of the English Jacobins in 1794–95, open agitation by plebeian reformers remained dormant until 1802, when they reemerged in a more clearly constitutionalist pose to fight a number of contests in that year's general election. According to this view, the contests led directly to Sir Francis Burdett's victory at the 1807 Westminster election, a foundational moment for nineteenth-century radicalism. This article argues instead that the previously overlooked English Jacobin intervention at the 1796 general election was the ultimate foundation for the 1807 election victory and far more significant than the contests evident in 1802. While this argument indicates that the Jacobin organizations for radical reform were not in a steep terminal decline by 1796, as is widely assumed, it also undermines the notion that the electoral politics of the 1802–1807 period was a major novelty. There was nevertheless not a clear-cut continuity from 1796 to 1807. This article demonstrates that in 1796 Jacobin political thought led to the development of a pure style of electioneering that rejected corrupt practices in order to turn the electoral process into a venue for the enaction of general will through the open use of sovereign reason. Between 1802 and 1804, this position was abandoned in favor of a more traditional, pragmatic and patricianly form of electioneering. However, this article concludes with a major revision of the 1807 Westminster victory by illustrating that, far from an innovation, it was a direct revival of the “purity” pioneered by the Jacobin contests of 1796.

中文翻译:

英国雅各宾派的选举政治及其遗产,1796-1807

激进主义的历史学家长期以来一直认为,在 1794-95 年对英国雅各宾派的镇压之后,平民改革者的公开鼓动一直处于休眠状态,直到 1802 年他们以更明显的宪政主义姿态重新出现,在当年的大选中进行了一些竞选。根据这种观点,这些竞争直接导致弗朗西斯·伯德特爵士在 1807 年威斯敏斯特选举中获胜,这是 19 世纪激进主义的基础时刻。相反,本文认为,先前被忽视的英国雅各宾派干预 1796 年大选是 1807 年大选胜利的最终基础,并且远比 1802 年明显的竞选意义重大。虽然这一论点表明雅各宾派激进改革组织并不在正如人们普遍认为的那样,到 1796 年急剧下降,它还破坏了 1802 年至 1807 年时期的选举政治是一个重大新事物的观念。然而,从 1796 年到 1807 年并没有明确的连续性。本文表明,在 1796 年,雅各宾政治思想导致了一种纯粹的竞选风格的发展,该风格拒绝了腐败行为,以便将选举过程变成立法的场所通过公开使用至高无上的理性来实现普遍意志。1802 年至 1804 年间,这一立场被放弃,取而代之的是一种更传统、更务实和贵族式的竞选形式。然而,本文以对 1807 年威斯敏斯特胜利的重大修订作为结尾,说明这远非创新,而是直接复兴了 1796 年雅各宾派竞赛开创的“纯洁性”。
更新日期:2021-07-30
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