In a large-scale helium cryogenic system, a tank is used to store liquid helium. To predict the cooling behaviour and thermal performance of the tank during liquid helium filling, a simple and efficient computational fluid dynamics methodology was used. The phase transition and temperature distribution in the tank were simulated through a two-dimensional thermal–fluid–structure coupling model. Based on the temperature data in the simulation, the stress and deformation on the wall surface were calculated using a finite element model. Liquid helium filling processes with different mass flow rates are analysed and compared, and the impacts on phase transition, liquid temperature, and thermal effects in the tank wall are discussed. The results show that the height of the liquid filling level has a significant influence on the boiling evaporation rate, the degree of temperature stratification, and the flow structure. The gas disturbance at the bottom of the tank is obvious, and the gas–liquid interface is in an unbalanced state, especially with a low liquid level. The simulation data indicate that the mass flow rate has a greater impact on the initial stage of filling. Oscillation of the gas–liquid interface is more evident with a lower mass flow rate. With an increase in the mass flow rate, temperature stratification becomes increasingly severe. According to the thermal calculation data, a filling rate that is too high or too low can lead to higher stress and larger deformation on the tank wall.

在大型氦低温系统中，使用罐来储存液氦。为了预测液氦填充期间储罐的冷却行为和热性能，使用了一种简单有效的计算流体动力学方法。通过二维热-流-结构耦合模型模拟罐内的相变和温度分布。根据模拟中的温度数据，使用有限元模型计算壁面的应力和变形。分析比较了不同质量流量的液氦填充过程，讨论了对相变、液体温度和罐壁热效应的影响。结果表明，液面高度对沸腾蒸发速率有显着影响，温度分层程度和流动结构。罐底气体扰动明显，气液界面处于不平衡状态，特别是低液位。仿真数据表明，质量流量对灌装初期的影响较大。气液界面的振荡随着质量流量的降低而更加明显。随着质量流量的增加，温度分层变得越来越严重。根据热力计算数据，填充率过高或过低都会导致罐壁受力较大，变形较大。尤其是液位低时。仿真数据表明，质量流量对灌装初期的影响较大。气液界面的振荡随着质量流量的降低而更加明显。随着质量流量的增加，温度分层变得越来越严重。根据热力计算数据，填充率过高或过低都会导致罐壁受力较大，变形较大。尤其是液位低时。仿真数据表明，质量流量对灌装初期的影响较大。气液界面的振荡随着质量流量的降低而更加明显。随着质量流量的增加，温度分层变得越来越严重。根据热力计算数据，填充率过高或过低都会导致罐壁受力较大，变形较大。