Negative environmental externalities associated with wind power plants are due to the physical characteristics of turbine installations and associated power lines and the geographical siting. This paper presents an environmental taxation scheme for achieving efficient spatial distribution of new wind power production, taking account of both production and environmental costs. Further, the paper illustrates the impact of environmental taxation by means of a detailed numerical energy system model for Norway. The analyses show that a given target for wind power production can be achieved at a significantly lower social cost by implementing a tax scheme, compared to the current situation with no environmental taxes. The analyses also show that the environmental costs associated with both turbines and power lines were crucial to the efficient spatial allocation of wind power plants.

与风力发电厂相关的负面环境外部性是由于涡轮机装置和相关电力线的物理特性以及地理位置造成的。本文提出了一种环境税收方案，以实现新风电生产的有效空间分布，同时考虑生产成本和环境成本。此外，本文通过详细的挪威能源系统数字模型说明了环境税的影响。分析表明，与目前没有环境税的情况相比，通过实施税收计划可以以显着降低的社会成本实现风电生产的既定目标。