Wavefront sensing from an extended object is a challenging task since the phase to be sensed is disturbed by the one generated from the structure of the extended object. To address this problem, a general wavefront sensor is proposed. The configuration of the proposed sensor consists of a field lens, a collimating lens, a lenslet array, and a camera. The field lens, the first element of this sensor, ensures that each lenslet collects the same information of the extended object, which is a basis for the reconstruction of the distorted wavefront from the extended object using the proposed sensor. The fundamental strategy of the sensor is converting the scenario of wavefront sensing from an extended object into the traditional one from a point source by eliminating the Fourier spatial spectrum of the extended object in the frequency domain. As a result, the distorted wavefront can be reconstructed using the algorithm of the Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor. Numerical simulations and experiments both verify the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed sensor for direct wavefront sensing from any types of extended objects.

中文翻译：

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来自扩展物体的直接波前传感：通用传感器

扩展对象的波前感测是一项具有挑战性的任务，因为要感测的相位会受到扩展对象结构产生的相位的干扰。为了解决这个问题，提出了一种通用的波前传感器。所提出的传感器的配置由一个场透镜、一个准直透镜、一个小透镜阵列和一个相机组成。场镜是该传感器的第一个元件，可确保每个小透镜收集扩展对象的相同信息，这是使用建议的传感器从扩展对象重建失真波前的基础。该传感器的基本策略是通过在频域中消除扩展对象的傅立叶空间谱，将扩展对象的波前传感场景转换为点源的传统波前传感场景。因此，可以使用 Shack-Hartmann 波前传感器的算法重建失真的波前。数值模拟和实验都验证了所提出的传感器的可行性和准确性，用于从任何类型的扩展对象进行直接波前传感。