Repeated cocaine exposure induces lasting neurobehavioral adaptations such as cognitive decline in animal models. However, persistent changes in spontaneous –unconditioned- motor and exploratory responses are scarcely reported. In this study, mice were administered with cocaine (20 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 12 consecutive days. After 24 days of drug abstinence, a behavioral assessment was carried out in drug-free conditions and in unfamiliar environments (i.e. no cocaine-associated cues were presented). The cocaine-withdrawn mice showed cognitive deficits in spontaneous alternation behavior and place recognition memory. Importantly, they also displayed hyperlocomotion, increased rearing activity and altered exploratory patterns in different tasks. In the forced swimming test, they were more active (struggled/climbed more) when trying to escape from the water albeit showing normal immobility behavior. In conclusion, in addition to cognitive deficits, chronic cocaine in rodents may induce long-lasting alterations in exploratory activity and psychomotor activation that are triggered even in absence of drug-related stimuli.

反复接触可卡因会导致持续的神经行为适应，例如动物模型的认知能力下降。然而，几乎没有报道自发的无条件运动和探索性反应的持续变化。在这项研究中，小鼠连续 12 天服用可卡因（20 毫克/公斤/天）或载体。在戒毒 24 天后，在无毒品条件和不熟悉的环境中进行行为评估（即没有出现与可卡因相关的线索）。可卡因戒断小鼠在自发交替行为和位置识别记忆方面表现出认知缺陷。重要的是，它们还表现出运动过度、饲养活动增加和不同任务中的探索模式改变。在强迫游泳测试中，尽管表现出正常的不动行为，但它们在试图逃离水中时更加活跃（挣扎/攀爬更多）。总之，除了认知缺陷外，啮齿动物的慢性可卡因可能会导致探索活动和精神运动激活的长期改变，即使没有药物相关的刺激也会触发这些改变。