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Testing Landscape, Climate and Lithology Impact on Carbon, Major and Trace Elements of the Lena River and Its Tributaries during a Spring Flood Period
Water ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-30 , DOI: 10.3390/w13152093
Sergey N. Vorobyev , Yuri Kolesnichenko , Mikhail A. Korets , Oleg S. Pokrovsky

Transport of carbon, major and trace elements by rivers in permafrost-affected regions is one of the key factors in circumpolar aquatic ecosystem response to climate warming and permafrost thaw. A snap-shot study of major and trace element concentration in the Lena River basin during the peak of spring flood revealed a specific group of solutes according to their spatial pattern across the river main stem and tributaries and allowed the establishment of a link to certain landscape parameters. We demonstrate a systematic decrease of labile major and trace anion, alkali and alkaline-earth metal concentration downstream of the main stem of the Lena River, linked to change in dominant rocks from carbonate to silicate, and a northward decreasing influence of the groundwater. In contrast, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and a number of low-soluble elements exhibited an increase in concentration from the SW to the NE part of the river. We tentatively link this to an increase in soil organic carbon stock and silicate rocks in the Lena River watershed in this direction. Among all the landscape parameters, the proportion of sporadic permafrost on the watershed strongly influenced concentrations of soluble highly mobile elements (Cl, B, DIC, Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Mo, As and U). Another important factor of element concentration control in the Lena River tributaries was the coverage of the watershed by light (for B, Cl, Na, K, U) and deciduous (for Fe, Ni, Zn, Ge, Rb, Zr, La, Th) needle-leaf forest (pine and larch). Our results also suggest a DOC-enhanced transport of low-soluble trace elements in the NW part of the basin. This part of the basin is dominated by silicate rocks and continuous permafrost, as compared to the carbonate rock-dominated and groundwater-affected SW part of the Lena River basin. Overall, the impact of rock lithology and permafrost on major and trace solutes of the Lena River basin during the peak of spring flood was mostly detected at the scale of the main stem. Such an impact for tributaries was much less pronounced, because of the dominance of surface flow and lower hydrological connectivity with deep groundwater in the latter. Future changes in the river water chemistry linked to climate warming and permafrost thaw at the scale of the whole river basin are likely to stem from changes in the spatial pattern of dominant vegetation as well as the permafrost regime. We argue that comparable studies of large, permafrost-affected rivers during contrasting seasons, including winter baseflow, should allow efficient prediction of future changes in riverine ‘inorganic’ hydrochemistry induced by permafrost thaw.

中文翻译:

测试春季洪水期间景观、气候和岩性对勒拿河及其支流碳、主要和微量元素的影响

多年冻土区河流对碳、主要和微量元素的输送是极地水生生态系统响应气候变暖和多年冻土融化的关键因素之一。对春季洪水高峰期间勒拿河流域主要和微量元素浓度的快速研究揭示了一组特定的溶质,根据它们跨越河流干流和支流的空间格局,并允许建立与某些景观的联系参数。我们证明了勒拿河干流下游不稳定的主要和痕量阴离子、碱金属和碱土金属浓度的系统性下降,这与主要岩石从碳酸盐到硅酸盐的变化以及地下水的向北减少的影响有关。相比之下,溶解有机碳 (DOC) 和一些低溶解性元素的浓度从河流的西南部分到东北部分呈增加趋势。我们暂时将此与勒拿河流域中土壤有机碳储量和硅酸盐岩在这个方向上的增加联系起来。在所有景观参数中,流域零星多年冻土的比例强烈影响可溶性高流动元素(Cl、B、DIC、Li、Na、K、Mg、Ca、Sr、Mo、As和U)的浓度。勒拿河支流元素浓度控制的另一个重要因素是光(B、Cl、Na、K、U)和落叶(Fe、Ni、Zn、Ge、Rb、Zr、La、 Th) 针叶林(松树和落叶松)。我们的结果还表明,在盆地的 NW 部分,DOC 增强了低可溶性微量元素的传输。与勒拿河流域的以碳酸盐岩为主且受地下水影响的西南部分相比,该盆地的这一部分以硅酸盐岩和连续多年冻土为主。总体而言,春季洪水高峰期岩石岩性和多年冻土对勒拿河流域主要和微量溶质的影响主要在主干尺度上检测到。对支流的这种影响要小得多,因为地表流占主导地位,后者与深层地下水的水文连通性较低。在整个流域范围内,与气候变暖和多年冻土融化相关的河流水化学的未来变化可能源于优势植被的空间格局和多年冻土制度的变化。我们认为,对大型、
更新日期:2021-07-30
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