Specific animal-based indicators that can be used to predict animal welfare have been the core of protocols for assessing the welfare of farm animals, such as those produced by the Welfare Quality project. At the same time, the contribution of technological tools for the accurate and real-time assessment of farm animal welfare is also evident. The solutions based on technological tools fit into the precision livestock farming (PLF) concept, which has improved productivity, economic sustainability, and animal welfare in dairy farms. PLF has been adopted recently; nevertheless, the need for technological support on farms is getting more and more attention and has translated into significant scientific contributions in various fields of the dairy industry, but with an emphasis on the health and welfare of the cows. This review aims to present the recent advances of PLF in dairy cow welfare, particularly in the assessment of lameness, mastitis, and body condition, which are among the most relevant animal-based indications for the welfare of cows. Finally, a discussion is presented on the possibility of integrating the information obtained by PLF into a welfare assessment framework.

中文翻译：

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解决奶牛福利的精密技术：关注跛足、乳腺炎和身体状况

可用于预测动物福利的基于动物的特定指标一直是评估农场动物福利协议的核心，例如福利质量项目产生的那些。同时，技术工具对农场动物福利的准确和实时评估的贡献也是显而易见的。基于技术工具的解决方案符合精准畜牧业 (PLF) 概念，该概念提高了奶牛场的生产力、经济可持续性和动物福利。最近采用了PLF；尽管如此，对农场技术支持的需求越来越受到关注，并已转化为乳制品行业各个领域的重大科学贡献，但重点是奶牛的健康和福利。本综述旨在介绍 PLF 在奶牛福利方面的最新进展，特别是在评估跛行、乳腺炎和身体状况方面，这些都是与奶牛福利最相关的基于动物的适应症。最后，讨论了将 PLF 获得的信息整合到福利评估框架中的可能性。