Purpose

The entrepreneurial initiative is believed as being a prosperity engine. Islamic organizations are presently committed to promoting entrepreneurship to generate economic growth, provide job opportunities, reduce government centrality, enhance innovation and sustainable development. The purpose of this paper is to identify which factors affect Islamic entrepreneurial endeavors with particular emphasis on the role of gender. Additionally, how education, age, moral constraints, self-perception and social support will affect those entrepreneurial intentions based on Islamic principles. Once identified, policy actions will help to overcome extant gaps, reinforcing the entrepreneurial ecosystem.

Design/methodology/approach

Determinants of the entrepreneurial initiative will be appraised in the set Islamic countries present in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data set from 2016. Following the Organization of Islamic Cooperation list, 14 countries were identified establishing a total sample of 36,407 individuals. Using a set of predictors included in the theoretical framework a statistical analysis was performed followed by logit estimations. The significance of explanatory variables such as gender, age and social context toward entrepreneurial propensity reinforced the importance of specific tools rather than broad policies.

Findings

An entrepreneurial propensity is affected by three branches of factors: individual characteristics, individual behavior and individual perceptions along with the economic environment. The analysis shows that holding equal conditions, Islamic women in the sample are less prone to start a business compared to their male counterparts. Knowing other entrepreneurial endeavors enhance the entrepreneurial initiative. Fearing failure unconstraint entrepreneurial projects, but the self-perception of skills strongly triggers these initiatives.

Research limitations/implications

The empirical analysis relates to the GEM database, and, as a consequence, only 14 countries were considered, but it covers 36,407 individuals whose representativeness cannot be statistically proved, however, due to sample dimension the robustness is granted. Second, the sample is sectional covering the 2016 year, as a consequence results may be classified as exceptional.Finally, other factors such as institutional and behavioral determinants were not considered, despite their theoretical importance, due to their absence in the database. Still, the empirical results reinforce the theoretical debate and offer robust evidence to build a policy package, adapted to the Islamic singularities.

Practical implications

Still, the empirical results reinforce the theoretical debate and offer robust evidence to build a policy package, adapted to the Islamic singularities.

Originality/value

The paper identifies gender differences in entrepreneurial propensity among Islamic economics. The potential enhancers of the entrepreneurial initiative are first put in theoretical terms followed by an empirical analysis, encompassing descriptive analysis and econometric estimations. The results allow identification of gender gaps, as well as other individual and context characteristics affecting entrepreneurial endeavors. Empirical evidence casts light on policymakers elaborating accurate policy packages fostering gender equality in entrepreneurship in Islamic economics, aiming to increase overall entrepreneurial activity and leveraging socio-economic development. Finally, the study addresses recommendations to overcome gender differences relating to entrepreneurial activity considering the singularities of the context.

中文翻译：

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伊斯兰经济学中的创业倡议——性别的作用。多国分析

目的

创业倡议被认为是繁荣的引擎。伊斯兰组织目前致力于促进创业以促进经济增长、提供就业机会、降低政府中心地位、加强创新和可持续发展。本文的目的是确定哪些因素会影响伊斯兰企业家的努力，特别是性别的作用。此外，教育、年龄、道德约束、自我认知和社会支持将如何影响基于伊斯兰原则的创业意图。一旦确定，政策行动将有助于克服现存的差距，加强创业生态系统。

设计/方法/方法

创业计划的决定因素将在 2016 年全球创业监测 (GEM) 数据集中的一组伊斯兰国家中进行评估。 根据伊斯兰合作组织名单，确定了 14 个国家，建立了 36,407 个人的总样本。使用包含在理论框架中的一组预测变量进行统计分析，然后进行 logit 估计。性别、年龄和社会背景等解释变量对创业倾向的重要性加强了特定工具而非广泛政策的重要性。

发现

创业倾向受三个分支因素的影响：个人特征、个人行为和个人看法以及经济环境。分析表明，在同等条件下，样本中的伊斯兰女性与男性相比更不容易创业。了解其他创业活动可以增强创业主动性。害怕失败不受约束的创业项目，但对技能的自我认知强烈地触发了这些举措。

研究限制/影响

实证分析涉及 GEM 数据库，因此仅考虑了 14 个国家，但它涵盖了 36,407 个人，其代表性无法统计证明，但由于样本维度，稳健性被授予。其次，样本是涵盖 2016 年的部分样本，因此结果可能被归类为例外。最后，其他因素，例如制度和行为决定因素，尽管它们在理论上很重要，但由于数据库中没有这些因素，因此没有考虑。尽管如此，实证结果加强了理论辩论，并提供了强有力的证据来制定适应伊斯兰奇点的政策方案。

实际影响

尽管如此，实证结果加强了理论辩论，并提供了强有力的证据来制定适应伊斯兰奇点的政策方案。

原创性/价值

该论文确定了伊斯兰经济学中创业倾向的性别差异。创业计划的潜在促进因素首先被放在理论术语中，然后是实证分析，包括描述性分析和计量经济学估计。结果允许识别性别差距，以及影响创业努力的其他个人和环境特征。实证证据表明，政策制定者制定了准确的一揽子政策，以促进伊斯兰经济学创业中的性别平等，旨在增加整体创业活动并利用社会经济发展。最后，考虑到环境的特殊性，该研究提出了克服与创业活动相关的性别差异的建议。