In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), where power consumption is a huge concern, the improvement of the network’s lifetime is an area of constant study and innovation. The battery units of the sensor nodes cannot be recharged or replaced. Therefore, the need for energy efficiency in WSNs is ever-present. This paper proposes a Firework inspired Clustering Algorithm (FCA) to generate well defined and load-balanced clusters with the sensor nodes and gateways. The gateway works as cluster head (CH) for each cluster. The algorithm considers each cluster as a firework where the CH is the center of the firework and each sensor node is a ’spark’ emitted by the firework. The goal of the FCA is to maximize the lifetime of the sparks which in turn will maximize the lifetime of the network. Simulations of the proposed algorithm are performed and compared with a few existing algorithms. The results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms under different evaluation metrics such as average energy consumed by sensor nodes vs number of rounds, number of active sensors vs number of rounds, first gateway die and half of the gateways die.

在无线传感器网络 (WSN) 中，功耗是一个巨大的问题，网络寿命的改善是一个不断研究和创新的领域。传感器节点的电池单元不可充电或更换。因此，对 WSN 中能源效率的需求始终存在。本文提出了一种受 Firework 启发的聚类算法 (FCA)，以使用传感器节点和网关生成定义明确且负载均衡的集群。网关用作每个簇的簇头 (CH)。该算法将每个集群视为烟花，其中 CH 是烟花的中心，每个传感器节点是烟花发出的“火花”。FCA 的目标是最大化火花的生命周期，从而最大化网络的生命周期。对所提出的算法进行了仿真，并与一些现有算法进行了比较。结果表明，所提出的算法在不同的评估指标下表现优异，例如传感器节点消耗的平均能量与轮数、活动传感器的数量与轮数、第一个网关芯片和一半的网关芯片。