Employment stability has been the experience for many wage-labor participants in the United States, characterized by wage adequacy, scheduling certainty, and work autonomy. However, employment contracts increasingly include precarious work factors such as short-term work arrangements, nonstandard hours, and decreased access to healthcare and family supportive benefits. Prior family stress research theorized economic hardship as an emergent crisis or a one-time event that affects dyadic relationships between parents and children or intimate partners. In this paper, we define employment precarity as a chronic condition caused by multiple precarious work factors shaped by social stratification in the labor market. We propose a new theoretical model, the employment precarity family stress model, to understand how diverse families experience precarious work factors, use resources to cope, make meaning of their work situations, and practice resilience amid cyclical or chronic economic hardships.

中文翻译：

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就业不稳定经验中的家庭压力与应对：一个理论框架

就业稳定性是美国许多雇佣劳动参与者的经验，其特点是工资充足、日程安排确定性和工作自主权。然而，雇佣合同越来越多地包含不稳定的工作因素，例如短期工作安排、非标准工作时间以及获得医疗保健和家庭支持福利的机会减少。先前的家庭压力研究将经济困难理论化为紧急危机或影响父母与子女或亲密伴侣之间二元关系的一次性事件。在本文中，我们将就业不稳定性定义为由劳动力市场中的社会分层形成的多种不稳定工作因素引起的慢性病。我们提出了一个新的理论模型，就业不稳定家庭压力模型，