Atypical sensorimotor developmental trajectories greatly contribute to the profound heterogeneity that characterizes Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Individuals with ASD manifest deviations in sensorimotor processing with early markers in the use of sensory information coming from both the external world and the body, as well as motor difficulties. The cascading effect of these impairments on the later development of higher-order abilities (e.g., executive functions and social communication) underlines the need for interventions that focus on the remediation of sensorimotor integration skills. One of the promising technologies for such stimulation is Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR). In particular, head-mounted displays (HMDs) have unique features that fully immerse the user in virtual realities which disintegrate and otherwise manipulate multimodal information. The contribution of each individual sensory input and of multisensory integration to perception and motion can be evaluated and addressed according to a user's clinical needs. HMDs can therefore be used to create virtual environments aimed at improving people's sensorimotor functioning, with strong potential for individualization for users. Here we provide a narrative review of the sensorimotor atypicalities evidenced by children and adults with ASD, alongside some specific relevant features of IVR technology. We discuss how individuals with ASD may interact differently with IVR versus real environments on the basis of their specific atypical sensorimotor profiles and describe the unique potential of HMD-delivered immersive virtual environments to this end.

中文翻译：

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真实和虚拟环境中的感知和运动：自闭症谱系障碍的叙事回顾。

非典型的感觉运动发育轨迹极大地促进了自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的深刻异质性。患有 ASD 的个体在使用来自外部世界和身体的感觉信息的早期标记中表现出感觉运动处理的偏差，以及运动困难。这些损伤对更高阶能力（例如，执行功能和社会交流）的后期发展的级联效应强调了对专注于感觉运动整合技能修复的干预的必要性。这种刺激的有前途的技术之一是沉浸式虚拟现实 (IVR)。特别是，头戴式显示器 (HMD) 具有独特的功能，可以让用户完全沉浸在虚拟现实中，这些虚拟现实会分解并以其他方式操纵多模态信息。可以根据用户的临床需求评估和解决每个单独的感官输入和多感官整合对感知和运动的贡献。因此，HMD 可用于创建旨在改善人们的感觉运动功能的虚拟环境，具有强大的用户个性化潜力。在这里，我们对患有 ASD 的儿童和成人所证明的感觉运动非典型性进行了叙述性回顾，以及 IVR 技术的一些特定相关特征。