Allergen-containing subpollen particles (SPPs) are micrometric or sub-micrometric particles (0.12–5 µm) released from pollen. They are able to reach the lower airways, causing allergenic reactions. SPP release occurs through the pore of intact grains or by rupture of the whole grain. In this paper the results of two laboratory experiments investigating the dynamics of SPP release for three alien species of Ambrosia genus are shown. Rainwater composition and wind speed were considered, by simulating different conditions, in accordance with a fully orthogonal experimental design. The principle response variable was the total percentage of SPPs-releasing pollen grains; also the percentage of intact grains releasing SPPs through the pore and of broken SPPs-releasing grains were considered. Both osmotic and mechanical shock caused the discharge of SPPs but different results were observed. The highest number of releasing grains was recorded in case of acid solution and 20 knots wind speed. Moreover, wind and rainfalls caused SPPs release through different mechanisms. Wind mainly provoked a mechanical shock leading to grain rupture, whereas rainfall caused mainly SPPs release through the pore of intact grains. Comparing species, the effect of wind and at least in some cases also that of rainwater appeared to be less relevant for Ambrosia trifida than for Ambrosia psilostachya and Ambrosia artemisiifolia. The obtained results suggest a species-specific response of Ambrosia species to wind speed and rainwater that lead to a different release of SPPs and then to a species-specific impact on allergy according to the characteristics of their growth environment.

含过敏原的亚花粉颗粒 (SPP) 是从花粉中释放出来的微米级或亚微米级颗粒 (0.12–5 µm)。它们能够到达下呼吸道，引起过敏反应。SPP 通过完整谷物的孔隙或整个谷物的破裂发生。在本文中，两个实验室实验的结果调查了三种外来Ambrosia物种的 SPP 释放动态显示属。根据完全正交的实验设计，通过模拟不同条件，考虑了雨水成分和风速。主要响应变量是释放 SPPs 的花粉粒的总百分比；还考虑了通过孔隙释放 SPP 的完整颗粒和释放 SPP 的破碎颗粒的百分比。渗透冲击和机械冲击都会引起 SPP 的排放，但观察到不同的结果。在酸性溶液和 20 节风速的情况下，记录的释放谷物数量最多。此外，风和降雨通过不同的机制导致 SPPs 释放。风主要引起机械冲击，导致谷物破裂，而降雨主要通过完整谷物的孔隙引起 SPPs 释放。比较物种，Ambrosia trifida比为Ambrosia psilostachya和Ambrosia artemisiifolia。获得的结果表明，Ambrosia物种对风速和雨水的物种特异性反应导致 SPP 的不同释放，然后根据其生长环境的特征对过敏产生物种特异性影响。