The biotic and abiotic assets of the marine environment form the “marine natural capital” embedded in the global ocean. Marine natural capital provides the flow of “marine ecosystem services” that are directly used or enjoyed by people providing benefits to human well-being. They include provisioning services (e.g., food), regulation and maintenance services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage, and coastal protection), and cultural services (e.g., tourism and recreational benefits). In recent decades, human activities have increased the pressures on marine ecosystems, often leading to ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss and, in turn, affecting their ability to provide benefits to humans. Therefore, effective management strategies are crucial to the conservation of healthy and diverse marine ecosystems and to ensuring their long-term generation of goods and services. Biophysical, economic, and sociocultural assessments of marine ecosystem services are much needed to convey the importance of natural resources to managers and policy makers supporting the development and implementation of policies oriented for the sustainable management of marine resources. In addition, the accounting of marine ecosystem service values can be usefully complemented by their mapping to enable the identification of priority areas and management strategies and to facilitate science–policy dialogue. Given this premise, this study aims to review trends and evolution in the concept of marine ecosystem services. In particular, the global scientific literature on marine ecosystem services is explored by focusing on the following main aspects: the definition and classification of marine ecosystem services; their loss due to anthropogenic pressures, alternative assessment, and mapping approaches; and the inclusion of marine ecosystem services into policy and decision-making processes.

中文翻译：

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海洋生态系统服务概念的趋势和演变：概述

海洋环境的生物和非生物资产构成了嵌入全球海洋的“海洋自然资本”。海洋自然资本提供人们直接使用或享受的“海洋生态系统服务”流，为人类福祉带来福祉。它们包括供应服务（例如食品）、监管和维护服务（例如碳封存和储存以及海岸保护）以及文化服务（例如旅游和娱乐福利）。近几十年来，人类活动增加了海洋生态系统的压力，往往导致生态系统退化和生物多样性丧失，进而影响其为人类提供利益的能力。所以，有效的管理战略对于保护健康多样的海洋生态系统以及确保其长期生产商品和服务至关重要。非常需要对海洋生态系统服务进行生物物理、经济和社会文化评估，以便向支持制定和实施以海洋资源可持续管理为导向的政策的管理人员和政策制定者传达自然资源的重要性。此外，海洋生态系统服务价值的核算可以通过它们的制图得到有益的补充，以识别优先领域和管理战略，并促进科学政策对话。鉴于此前提，本研究旨在回顾海洋生态系统服务概念的趋势和演变。特别是，海洋生态系统服务的全球科学文献着眼于以下主要方面：海洋生态系统服务的定义和分类；由于人为压力、替代评估和绘图方法造成的损失；以及将海洋生态系统服务纳入政策和决策过程。