This study presents an exploratory, historically-informed approach to assessing resilience for critical events that cause demand relocation within a water distribution system (WDS). Considering WDS as an interdependent socio-technical system, demand relocation is regarded as a critical factor that can affect resilience similarly to the more commonly analyzed component failures such as pipe leaks and pump failures. Critical events are modeled as events during which consumer nodes are evacuated within a perimeter varying in size according to a typical length scale in the studied network. The required demand drops to zero in the evacuated area, and the equivalent demand is relocated according to three sheltering schemes. Results are presented for analyzing the effect of the size of the evacuated area, the feasibility of sheltering schemes, vulnerability of particular parts of the city as well as the suitability of network nodes to accommodate relocated demand using a suitable resilience metric. The results provided by this metric are compared with those drawn from common graph-based metrics. The conclusions are critically discussed under the consideration of historical knowledge to serve as a basis for future research to refine resilience assessment of socio-technical systems.

中文翻译：

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社会技术系统中的配水：导致需求迁移的关键事件的复原力评估

本研究提出了一种探索性的、以历史为依据的方法，用于评估导致供水系统 (WDS) 内需求重新定位的关键事件的恢复能力。将 WDS 视为一个相互依存的社会技术系统，需求重新定位被认为是影响弹性的关键因素，类似于更常见的分析组件故障，如管道泄漏和泵故障。关键事件被建模为消费者节点在根据所研究网络中的典型长度尺度在大小不同的周边内疏散的事件。疏散区的需求需求降为零，等量需求根据三个避难方案重新安置。结果用于分析疏散区域大小的影响，庇护方案的可行性，城市特定部分的脆弱性以及网络节点是否适合使用合适的弹性指标来满足重新安置的需求。将此度量提供的结果与从常见的基于图形的度量中得出的结果进行比较。在考虑历史知识的情况下，对这些结论进行了批判性讨论，以作为未来研究的基础，以完善社会技术系统的复原力评估。