ABSTRACT

Introduction

Main problems of kidney stone disease are its increasing prevalence and high recurrence rate after calculi removal in almost all areas around the globe. Despite enormous efforts in the past, its pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear and need further elucidations. Proteomics has thus become an essential tool to unravel such sophisticated disease mechanisms at cellular, subcellular, molecular, tissue, and whole organism levels.

Areas covered

This review provides abrief overview of kidney stone disease followed by updates on proteomics for investigating urinary stone modulators, matrix proteins, cellular responses to different types/doses of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals, sex hormones and other stimuli, crystal–cell interactions, crystal receptors, secretome, and extracellular vesicles (EVs), all of which lead to better understanding of the disease mechanisms. Finally, the future challenges and translation of these obtained data to the clinic are discussed.

Expert opinion

Knowledge from urinary proteomics for exploring the important stone modulators (either inhibitors or promoters) will be helpful for early detection of asymptomatic cases for prompt prevention of symptoms, complications, and new stone formation. Moreover, these modulators may serve as the new therapeutic targets in the future for successful treatment and prevention of kidney stone disease by medications or other means of intervention.

中文翻译：

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肾结石蛋白质组学：更新和展望

摘要

介绍

肾结石病的主要问题是其在全球几乎所有地区的患病率和结石切除后的高复发率。尽管过去付出了巨大的努力，但其致病机制仍不清楚，需要进一步阐明。因此，蛋白质组学已成为在细胞、亚细胞、分子、组织和整个生物体水平上揭示此类复杂疾病机制的重要工具。

涵盖的领域

这篇综述提供了肾结石疾病的简要概述，然后更新了蛋白质组学以研究尿结石调节剂、基质蛋白、细胞对不同类型/剂量草酸钙 (CaOx) 晶体、性激素和其他刺激物的反应、晶体-细胞相互作用、晶体受体、分泌组和细胞外囊泡 (EV)，所有这些都有助于更好地了解疾病机制。最后，讨论了这些获得的数据在临床上的未来挑战和转化。

专家意见

从尿液蛋白质组学中了解重要的结石调节剂（抑制剂或促进剂）将有助于早期发现无症状病例，从而及时预防症状、并发症和新结石形成。此外，这些调节剂可能成为未来通过药物或其他干预手段成功治疗和预防肾结石疾病的新治疗靶点。