Hypotheses regarding favorable conditions for anomalous charging have primarily resulted from studies within the Great Plains region of the United States, where the efficiency of warm precipitation processes is thought to be fundamental. Rare observations of anomalous charge structures in the Southeastern region challenge existing conceptual models used to explain anomalous charging. As a rigorous evaluation of conditions that support anomalous charge structures, environmental characteristics and bulk kinematic and microphysical properties of two normal and two anomalous supercell thunderstorms observed in the Southeast were compared. Within the anomalous supercells, greater quantities of precipitation ice were identified at higher altitudes and colder temperatures, suggesting a greater depth of riming growth and increased vertical transport of rimed hydrometeors. Deeper anomalous supercell updrafts were larger and stronger in the upper mixed-phase and glaciated regions. However, normal supercells were characterized by more robust low-level updrafts, resulting in comparable warm cloud residence times that suggested warm precipitation processes were not necessarily less efficient in the anomalous supercells. Indications of enhanced mixed-phase liquid water content in favor of anomalous charging were observed in the anomalous supercells, though contrasts in related environmental parameters were not as large as observed in other comparative studies. Anomalous supercell environments were characterized by increased instability, shallower warm cloud depth, as well as lower relative humidity in the 700–500 mb layer. Evidence of impacts from dry air in anomalous storm structures suggested that water vapor content may have affected particle-scale charge transfer in support of anomalous charge structure development.

中文翻译：

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检查支持美国东南部超级单体雷暴中异常电荷结构发展的条件

关于异常充电有利条件的假设主要来自美国大平原地区的研究，在那里温暖降水过程的效率被认为是基础。对东南地区异常电荷结构的罕见观察挑战了用于解释异常电荷的现有概念模型。作为对支持异常电荷结构的条件的严格评估，比较了在东南部观察到的两个正常和两个异常超级单体雷暴的环境特征和整体运动学和微物理特性。在异常的超级单体中，在更高的海拔和更冷的温度下发现了更多的降水冰，表明边缘生长的深度更大，边缘水凝物的垂直传输增加。在上部混合相和冰川区域，更深的异常超级单体上升气流更大更强。然而，正常超级单体的特征是更强劲的低水平上升气流，导致可比较的暖云停留时间，这表明异常超级单体中的暖降水过程不一定效率较低。在异常超级电池中观察到混合相液态水含量增加有利于异常充电的迹象，尽管相关环境参数的对比没有其他比较研究中观察到的那么大。异常超级单体环境的特点是不稳定性增加、暖云深度变浅以及 700-500 mb 层的相对湿度较低。