Background Pectus excavatum (PE) and pectus carinatum (PC) have generally been considered an aesthetic issue, although there is growing evidence of associated cardiopulmonary function (CPF) impairment, especially in PE patients. The study goal was to determine any correlation between pectus malformations and cardiopulmonary symptoms and function based on systematic assessment of CPF and thoracic measurements, such as Haller Index (HI) and sternal torsion angle (STA). Methods Data from 76 adolescent patients with PE (n=30) or PC (n=46) were retrospectively collected referred between January 2015 and April 2018. CPF measurements and thoracic imaging were performed in all patients. HI and STA correction indexes were measured in all patients. Findings Medical records from 76 patients (PE n=30; PC n=46) were analysed. Patients were predominantly male (>93.3%), and aged between 13 and 14½ old. PE was associated with airway obstruction, with a forced expiratory volume in 1 s value under the lower limit of normal in 13% of cases (p<0.001). Restrictive syndrome was observed in 23% of cases (p<0.001), with a Z score for total lung capacity under the lower limit of normal. In PC, pulmonary function was not affected. All patients showed slightly decreased values of left and right ejection fraction and cardiac index at rest, although values were within normal range. There were no significant correlations between pulmonary and cardiac functions or between low CPF and thoracic measurements. Interpretation Our results confirm the modest impact of pectus malformations on CPF at rest, without correlation with anamnestic dyspnoea on exertion, nor with chest pain or anatomical measurements. Validation of new correction indexes could be helping characterise these malformations and choose optimal therapeutic management. Data are available on reasonable request. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as online supplemental information.

中文翻译：

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青春期漏斗胸或鸡胸肉患者的心肺功能

背景 漏斗胸 (PE) 和鸡胸肉 (PC) 通常被认为是美学问题，尽管越来越多的证据表明相关的心肺功能 (CPF) 受损，尤其是在 PE 患者中。该研究的目标是基于 CPF 和胸部测量值的系统评估，如哈勒指数 (HI) 和胸骨扭转角 (STA)，确定胸骨畸形与心肺症状和功能之间的任何相关性。方法 回顾性收集 2015 年 1 月至 2018 年 4 月期间转诊的 76 例青少年 PE（n=30）或 PC（n=46）患者的数据。对所有患者进行 CPF 测量和胸部影像学检查。测量所有患者的 HI 和 STA 校正指数。结果 分析了 76 名患者（PE n=30；PC n=46）的医疗记录。患者主要为男性 (>93.3%)，年龄在 13 至 14.5 岁之间。PE 与气道阻塞有关，13% 的病例中 1 秒内用力呼气量低于正常下限（p<0.001）。在 23% 的病例中观察到限制性综合征 (p<0.001)，总肺活量的 Z 评分低于正常下限。在 PC 中，肺功能不受影响。尽管数值在正常范围内，但所有患者在静息时的左右射血分数和心脏指数值均略有下降。肺功能和心脏功能之间或低 CPF 和胸部测量值之间没有显着相关性。解释我们的结果证实了胸骨畸形对休息时 CPF 的适度影响，与运动时的遗忘性呼吸困难无关，也没有胸痛或解剖测量。新校正指数的验证可能有助于表征这些畸形并选择最佳治疗管理。可应合理要求提供数据。与研究相关的所有数据都包含在文章中或作为在线补充信息上传。