This study investigated the toxic effects of leachates from microplastic fragments of soles from four different types of shoes (slippers, trekking shoes, running shoes, and sneakers) on three aquatic organisms (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Daphnia magna, and Danio rerio). The chemical components in each leachate were identified; furthermore, chlorophyll a contents of C. reinhardtii were measured, and immobilization of D. magna and deformities in D. rerio were observed. The abnormalities observed in the test species exposed to the leachates were compared and chemical compounds majorly influencing the species were determined by principal component analysis (PCA). Sneaker leachate showed growth inhibitions in C. reinhardtii, immobility and mortality in D. magna, and severe abnormalities in D. rerio. Consequently, aquatic toxicity was majorly associated with benzothiazole, carbon disulfide, ethyl acetate, and p-xylene. The results showed that toxic chemicals could leach from load-originated microplastics when exposed to aquatic media, and consequently, induce significant negative effects on aquatic organisms. Since microplastics from shoe soles discharge the above-mentioned toxic chemicals, regulating the chemical use during plastic production is critical to prevent severe effects of microplastic toxicity in aquatic organisms, and to maintain the health of aquatic environments.

本研究调查了来自四种不同类型的鞋子（拖鞋、徒步鞋、跑鞋和运动鞋）的鞋底微塑料碎片的渗滤液对三种水生生物（莱茵衣藻、大型水蚤和斑马鱼）的毒性作用。确定了每种浸出液中的化学成分；此外，还测定了莱茵衣藻叶绿素 a 的含量，以及D. magna和D. rerio畸形的固定被观察到。比较暴露于渗滤液的测试物种中观察到的异常情况，并通过主成分分析 (PCA) 确定主要影响物种的化合物。运动鞋渗滤液表现出生长抑制莱茵衣藻，不动和死亡率大型溞，严重异常D.鱼。因此，水生毒性主要与苯并噻唑、二硫化碳、乙酸乙酯和p-二甲苯。结果表明，当暴露于水生介质中时，有毒化学物质会从负载产生的微塑料中浸出，从而对水生生物产生显着的负面影响。由于来自鞋底的微塑料会排放上述有毒化学物质，因此在塑料生产过程中控制化学物质的使用对于防止微塑料毒性对水生生物的严重影响以及维护水生环境的健康至关重要。