Abstract

Extreme states arise when a substance is exposed to powerful shock, detonation and electric explosive waves, concentrated laser radiation, electron and ion beams, during powerful chemical and nuclear explosions, hypersonic motion of bodies in dense planetary atmospheres, high-speed impact, and in many other situations characterized by extremely high pressures and temperatures. The study of matter under extreme conditions is one of the most urgent and intensively developing fundamental scientific disciplines, located at the intersection of plasma physics, nonlinear optics, condensed state, nuclear, atomic and molecular physics, and relativistic and magnetic hydrodynamics. In our country, research in the field of physics of high energy density and extreme states of matter is dynamically developing thanks to the active cooperation of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation.

中文翻译：

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爆炸、强大的冲击波和物质的极端状态

摘要

当物质暴露于强大的冲击、爆炸和电爆炸波、集中的激光辐射、电子和离子束、在强大的化学和核爆炸、稠密的行星大气中物体的高超声速运动、高速撞击和许多其他以极高压力和温度为特征的情况。极端条件下的物质研究是最紧迫和发展最密集的基础科学学科之一，位于等离子体物理学、非线性光学、凝聚态、核、原子和分子物理学以及相对论和磁流体动力学的交叉点。在我国，