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Comparative genomic analysis of obligately piezophilic Moritella yayanosii DB21MT-5 reveals bacterial adaptation to the Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench
Microbial Genomics ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-28 , DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000591
Wei-Jia Zhang 1, 2, 3 , Chan Zhang 1, 4 , Siyu Zhou 5 , Xue-Gong Li 1, 2, 3 , Sophie Mangenot 6 , Stéphanie Fouteau 6 , Thomas Guerin 6 , Xiao-Qing Qi 1, 2, 3 , Jian Yang 5 , Douglas H Bartlett 7 , Long-Fei Wu 2, 8
Affiliation  

Hadal trenches are the deepest but underexplored ecosystems on the Earth. Inhabiting the trench bottom is a group of micro-organisms termed obligate piezophiles that grow exclusively under high hydrostatic pressures (HHP). To reveal the genetic and physiological characteristics of their peculiar lifestyles and microbial adaptation to extreme high pressures, we sequenced the complete genome of the obligately piezophilic bacterium Moritella yayanosii DB21MT-5 isolated from the deepest oceanic sediment at the Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench. Through comparative analysis against pressure sensitive and deep-sea piezophilic Moritella strains, we identified over a hundred genes that present exclusively in hadal strain DB21MT-5. The hadal strain encodes fewer signal transduction proteins and secreted polysaccharases, but has more abundant metal ion transporters and the potential to utilize plant-derived saccharides. Instead of producing osmolyte betaine from choline as other Moritella strains, strain DB21MT-5 ferments on choline within a dedicated bacterial microcompartment organelle. Furthermore, the defence systems possessed by DB21MT-5 are distinct from other Moritella strains but resemble those in obligate piezophiles obtained from the same geographical setting. Collectively, the intensive comparative genomic analysis of an obligately piezophilic strain Moritella yayanosii DB21MT-5 demonstrates a depth-dependent distribution of energy metabolic pathways, compartmentalization of important metabolism and use of distinct defence systems, which likely contribute to microbial adaptation to the bottom of hadal trench.

中文翻译:

专性嗜压 Moritella yayanosii DB21MT-5 的比较基因组分析揭示了细菌对马里亚纳海沟挑战者深渊的适应

超深渊海沟是地球上最深但尚未开发的生态系统。栖息在沟槽底部的是一群被称为专性亲压菌的微生物,它们只在高静水压力 (HHP) 下生长。为了揭示其独特生活方式的遗传和生理特征以及微生物对极端高压的适应,我们对从马里亚纳海沟挑战者深渊最深的海洋沉积物中分离出的专性嗜压细菌 Moritella yayanosii DB21MT-5 的完整基因组进行了测序通过与压力敏感和深海亲压Moritella菌株的比较分析,我们鉴定了仅存在于深渊菌株 DB21MT-5 中的一百多个基因。Hadal菌株编码较少的信号转导蛋白和分泌的多糖酶,但具有更丰富的金属离子转运蛋白和利用植物源糖的潜力。DB21MT-5 菌株不像其他Moritella菌株那样从胆碱中产生渗透剂甜菜碱,而是在专用的细菌微区室细胞器内利用胆碱进行发酵。此外,DB21MT-5 所拥有的防御系统与其他Moritella菌株不同,但与从相同地理环境中获得的专性嗜压菌的防御系统相似。总的来说,对专性亲压菌株Moritella yayanosii DB21MT-5 的深入比较基因组分析表明,能量代谢途径的深度依赖性分布、重要代谢的区划和不同防御系统的使用,这可能有助于微生物适应深渊底部沟。
更新日期:2021-07-29
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