Although consistent between-individual differences in behaviour (i.e. animal personality) are ubiquitous in natural populations, relatively few studies have examined how personalities influence the formation of social relationships. Yet, behavioural characteristics of both sexes might be key when it comes to pair-bond formation, and cooperation with partners to successfully rear offspring. We here use a wild population of dunnocks (Prunella modularis) to first investigate whether individuals mate nonrandomly (i.e. assortative mating) with regard to four behavioural traits-flight-initiation distance (FID), provisioning, activity and vigilance-that differ in repeatability and have previously been associated with mating patterns and fitness in other species. Second, we test whether an individual's FID is associated with variability in the dunnocks' mating system (i.e. monogamous pairs vs. polygamous groups). Finally, we determine whether FID and provisioning of males and females associate with their reproductive success. We found no statistical support for assortative mating in FID between males and females. Interestingly, in polygamous groups, co-breeding males differed in their FIDs with dominant alpha males having significantly shorter FIDs compared with subordinate beta-males. Moreover, there was evidence for assortative mating in provisioning for alpha males and females in polygamous groups. We also found that male provisioning influenced reproductive success of both sexes, whereas female provisioning rates only positively correlated with her own but not their partner(s) reproductive output. Our results suggest that personality differences may have important implications for social relationships, the emergence of different mating patterns and ultimately reproductive success within populations.

中文翻译：

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个性，替代育种策略和在dunnocks中的繁殖成功之间的关联。

尽管行为（即动物个性）的个体之间一致的差异在自然人群中无处不在，但相对较少的研究检查了个性如何影响社会关系的形成。然而，两性的行为特征可能是形成伴侣关系以及与伴侣合作成功抚养后代的关键。我们在这里使用一个野生的 dunnocks (Prunella modules) 来首先调查个体是否非随机交配（即分类交配）关于四种行为特征 - 飞行起始距离 (FID)、供应、活动和警觉 - 在可重复性和以前与其他物种的交配模式和适应性有关。其次，我们测试一个人是否' s FID 与dunnocks 交配系统的可变性有关（即一夫一妻对与一夫多妻群体）。最后，我们确定 FID 和男性和女性的供应是否与他们的繁殖成功相关。我们发现男性和女性之间的 FID 中的分类交配没有统计支持。有趣的是，在一夫多妻的群体中，共同繁殖的雄性的 FID 不同，与从属 β 雄性相比，占主导地位的 alpha 雄性的 FID 明显更短。此外，有证据表明在一夫多妻群体中为阿尔法雄性和雌性提供了多种交配。我们还发现，男性供给影响两性的生殖成功，而女性供给率仅与她自己的生殖产出呈正相关，而与他们的伴侣生殖产出无关。